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題名 | 約翰.胡斯宗教改革活動之研究=The Research of John Huss' Movement on the Religious Reformation |
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作者 | 林志穎; | 書刊名 | 高雄師大學報 |
卷期 | 15:3 2003.12[民92.12] |
頁次 | 頁615-639 |
分類號 | 248.49 |
關鍵詞 | 約翰.胡斯; 威克里夫; 異端; 方言文學; 聖經; 大公會議說; John Huss; John Wyclif; Heresy; Vernacular literature; The Bible; The Ecumenical Council's Theory; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 約翰.胡斯(John Huss, A.D. 1370?~1415)在歷史的舞臺上是一位頗具有不同評價的人物。對天主教會而言,他至今仍是一個宗教異端分子;對波希米亞而言,他是一位民族英雄;對新教徒而言,不少人認為他是馬丁路德(Martin Luther)倡議宗教改革前的先驅;但是,也有人認為他並非是一個宗教改革者,因為他對聖體聖事的看法,和威克里夫(John Wyclif)、路德等人的主張是大相徑庭的。胡斯參加於一四一四年召開的康士坦斯(Constance)大公會議,但是胡斯的反對者亦先後上路,準備在會議上指控胡斯。由於胡斯堅稱除非從聖經中能找出反駁他意見的內容,否則即堅持其意見到底,因此在一四一五年七月六日被火焚而死。而第二年的五月,拓羅姆(Jerome of Prague)亦遭相同厄運。但是也由於胡斯的自甘殉道,做他成了波希米亞的民族表徵,爆發了一場長期的「胡斯戰爭(1419~37)」。其實基本上而言,胡斯並不是一個擁有獨立思想的人,亦有人以「威克里夫的波希米亞籍門徒」來稱呼他。他的改革思想信念大多承襲自威氏。因此,他否定教宗之權威,主張將聖經譯成方言(vernacular),使信徒人人皆可閱讀,而且不必接受教會的官方解釋等,這些主張至今天主教會只怕仍難接受,因為若是人人皆可自由解釋聖經,恐怕教會有四分五裂之虞。究此,胡斯的主張反而與日後宗教改革時期馬丁路德的主張極其相似,為將來新教在波希米亞的傳佈開展一條坦途 |
英文摘要 | John Huss was a figure from the versatile estimate in history. He is a heretic for the Catholic Church up to date; he was a national hero for all Bohemians then; he was one of the pioneers for quite a number of persons to promote the religious reformation before martin Luther, while he was not a religious reformer for some people regarding the different views of the Sacrament among John Wyclif, Martin Luther, and himself. Huss took part in the Ecumenical Council of Constance in 1414, but his opponents set out continually for the Council to prepare for accusing him of the offense. Due to the fact the Huss asserted positively that he should insist his opinion unless the Council was able to search the Bible for the details in contravention of his idea, he was put to death by fire on the sixth July of 1415. Jerome of Prague met the same doom in May next year. It was because Huss voluntarily died a martyr's death that he became the Bohemian national symbol. As a result, a long-term "Huss War" broke out. As a matter of fact Huss was not a man with the individual thinking fundamentally, called "Wyclif's Bohemian disciple" on occasion. His conviction of the reformational thought was largely inherited from John Wyclif, and therefore he denied the papal sovereignty, advocating the translation of the Bible into the vernacular, which provided reading comprehension for everyone without depending upon the interpretation of the Church Authorities; however, nowadays it is still impossible for the Catholic Church to accept these arguments. If once everyone had explained the Bible at his disposal, the Church would have been disintegrated. As far as the above were concerned, Huss's viewpoint was guite similar to Martin Luther's in the period of the Religious Reformation to come, paving the way for Protestant Church's successful spreading thsoughout Bohemia later. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。