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題名 | 從市場、政府與公營事業觀點再探民營化政策=Re-exploring Privatization Policy from the Perspectives of Market, State and State-owned Enterprises |
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作者 | 吳學良; Wu, Hsueh-liang; |
期刊 | 經社法制論叢 |
出版日期 | 20030700 |
卷期 | 32 2003.07[民92.07] |
頁次 | 頁211-254 |
分類號 | 553.61 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 公營事業民營化; 所有權; 市場競爭; 政府行為; 公司治理; Privatization; Ownership; Government behavior; Corporate goverance; Competition; |
中文摘要 | 公營事業的存在係基於矯正市場失靈與追求社會福祉,惟其效率不彰的事實,導致長期以來學界與實務界對公營事業存續的爭論。本文嘗試建立跨領域之研究架構,佐以相關文獻,就公營事業民營化政策中之重要爭議點,包括所有權、市場競爭、政府行為與公司治理等,探討其理論依據及了解以往的實證結果。即使實證研究呈現不同的結果,但在考慮公部門中普遍發生的政治干預及公司治理問題時,所有權因素對績效的重要性似乎更超過市場競爭。顯然在面對反對民營化人士長期的「毋須民營化,只要自由化,一樣可以解決公營事業績效不彰的問題」主張,公營事業民營化的政策仍有較強的理論與實證基礎。 公營事業民營化政策之理論與實務上的論辯雖然有助於釐清政策理念與操作方向,相關理論與實證研究也很豐碩,但此一經濟制度改革過程中產生之巨大成本可能使得決策者猶豫不決,所以當前許多國家面對「繼續維持公營事業的存在?還是開始推動民營化?」的兩難局面恐將延續下去,理論也永遠留給實証許多空間去填補。 |
英文摘要 | State ownership experienced a period of popularity because it was viewed as the remedy for market failures and the policy vehicle in pursuit of social welfare. However, theoretical attacks on state ownership dated back to the research on inherent inefficiency of SOEs. The debate over state ownership continues to rage despite proclamations of a new paradigm following the rise of Margaret Thatcher and later the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. The objective of this paper is to review the relevant literature, organize the main themes of the argument and update the reader on the current evidence. The issues of public versus private ownership explored in this paper include (1) does ownership change make the outcome as expected? (2) does competition matter more than ownership? (3) are SOEs more subject to government's welfare-reducing interventions than are private firms? And (4) do SOEs suffer more from corporate governance problems than private firms? Even if the answers to the questions favor private ownership, distortions in the process of privatization lead unnecessarily to the positive changes fo post-privatization firm performance. The analysis found less ambiguity about the merits of private ownership and of privatization in the empirical literature than in theory. The dilemma confronting governments between state ownership and privatization is still going on as the huge costs of economic reform render policy makers reluctant to make commitment. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。