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題名 | 地方治理與地方政府角色職能的轉變=Local Governance and Transformation of Capacity of Local Government |
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作者 | 劉坤億; | 書刊名 | 空大行政學報 |
卷期 | 13 2003.08[民92.08] |
頁次 | 頁233-267 |
分類號 | 575 |
關鍵詞 | 地方治理; 多層次的治理; 傳統官僚模式; 交易契約模式; 社群夥伴模式; 後設治理; Local governance; Multi-level government; Traditional bureaucratic model; Transactional contracted model; Community partnership model; Metagovernance; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 對於歐美等先進工業化民主國家來說,過去二十年來地方政府的角色職能已經出現了相當大的轉變,造成此一轉變的驅力,約可由以下三個層次來觀察:其一,在分權化的潮流下,中央與地方的關係已經轉變成更為廣闊的府際關係網絡;其二,由於社會結構加速變遷,導致都市化或城鎮人口的集結化情形加劇,地方政府為回應日益增加的公共需求,除了必須提昇本身的專業能力,也必須結合民間的力量來提供公共服務;其三,地方政府不僅要處理因都市化所帶來的問題,同時也要面對全球化所帶來的挑戰,為此地方政府必須經常跨越國家界限,與其他國家的城市或地方發展出各種競合關係。從上述特徵可以看出,當代地方政府的角色職能已經隨著與中央政府、各類民間及國際組織所建構的新關係而有所轉變,西方學者將此一轉變過程稱之為「從地方政府轉變為地方治理」(from local government to local governance)。面對前述地方體制發展的新議題,本文首先將嘗試探索引發「從地方政府轉變為地方治理」的背景因素;其次,藉由地方治理概念的界定及其特徵的分析,嘗試進一步釐清地方治理的意涵;最後,本文也將初步討論地方政府在此種新的地方體制發展下,應如何重新定位其角色職能。 |
英文摘要 | In the past two decades, the role-playing and the functions of local government has significant transformation on the western democracies, and there are some contributing explanations for this change. First of all, the decentralization of state authority to regional and local institutions makes the traditional central-local relations to replace by the network of intergovernmental relations. A second explanation for the change of local government is that continued urbanization and agglomeration of cities result from structural changes of society that local government needs to build up public-private partnerships and outsourcing from private sectors for improving its governing capacity. Finally, a reason why local government must transform because it is not only solving many problems of urbanization, but also overcoming some challenges from globalization. Therefore, local government must develop various relations of coopetition with oversea regional and local institutions. See the explanations given above we can understand that contemporary local government has developed new governing networks with central government, private sectors, and international organizations already. Scholars call the significant transformation as ‘from local government to local governance’. To face the issues given above this article is trying to discuss a number of questions: (1) Why does emerge the trend? (2) What is local governance? What are the characteristics of local governance? (3) Could we rethink about the transformation of local government? And, how to readjust the capacity of local government in the ideal of meta-governance? |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。