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題 名 | Intellectual Disability: Etiological and Epidemiological Analysis=智能障礙:病因學與流行病學分析 |
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作 者 | 林金定; | 書刊名 | Journal of Medical Sciences |
卷 期 | 23:3 2003.06[民92.06] |
頁 次 | 頁145-149 |
分類號 | 415.847 |
關鍵詞 | 智能障礙; 病因學; 流行病學; Epidemiology; Etiology; Intellectual disability; |
語 文 | 英文(English) |
英文摘要 | In 2001, approximately 75,000 people in Taiwan were officially registered as having an intellectual disability. Many require some degree of direct care or other forms of support and assistance for most or all of their lives. Compared to other sections of the community, intellectually disabled people experience poorer health and have greater difficulty in finding, getting to, and paying for appropriate health care. Based on a review of the literature, a study has been carried out to analyze the etiology and epidemiology of intellectual disability and their similarities and differences across organizations and countries in order to shed more light on this neglected public health problem. The review found that intellectual disability is a heterogeneous condition which is associated with hundreds of syndromes and clinical entities. There are some major pre-disposing factors related to intellectual disability: heredity, early alterations of embryonic development, pregnancy and perinatal problems, general medical conditions acquired in infancy or childhood and environmental influences and other mental disorders. An estimated 1 percent to 3 percent of the population is intellectually disabled in the community. The prevalence of this group in any society depends on the way it has been defined and measured. We concluded that intellectual disability is best understood as a status determined by an interaction between individual characteristics and societal demands. ithout appropriate monitoring of the etiology and epidemiology of intellectually disabled people, health authorities will find it difficult to formulate adequate policies to cater for the needs of such people and health providers may feel incapable of providing adequate care. |
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