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題 名 | Psychoanalytic Feminist Theories on Mothering and the Mother-Daughter Relationship: A Revisit=重新解讀精神分析女性主義中的母性與母女關係論述 |
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作 者 | 游依琳; | 書刊名 | 暨大學報 |
卷 期 | 7:1 2003.06[民92.06] |
頁 次 | 頁111-134 |
分類號 | 175.7 |
關鍵詞 | 前伊底帕斯期的; 母女關係; 象徵性的; 符號性的; 母性的; The pre-Oedipal period; The mother-daughter relationship; The symbolic; The semiotic; The maternal; |
語 文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 起源於西方第二波婦女運動的精神分析女性主義,從其自七○年代末的發跡,到歷經八○、九○年代的後續發展,已儼然成為女性主義眾多理論中的主要思潮之一,其對西方後代女性主義學者及作家的影響力更是源遠流長,然而相對於這些正面的評價,精神分析女性主義最常受到女性主義界的批評是,她們的理論中充斥著責備母親的口吻與以孩子為中心的偏頗觀點。針對於精神分析女性主義理論中的缺失,本論文除一一指出之外,也將重新解讀她們的論點,企圖從四位精神分析女性主義理論家的作品中來討論出問題的徵結並設法彌補其各自理論的缺陷。文中提到的精神分析女性主義一方面包括從美國發展出來的客體關係理論,代表的理論家有南西‧綺都如與珍、芙萊克絲。以佛洛依德精神分析理論架構為基礎,綺都如與芙萊克絲呈現出母女關係的複雜性。綺都如針對她在女性人格形成上的發現,認為女性主義在女性自我呈現上提供了多種可能性。芙萊克絲在她為多位女病患所進行的臨床心理分析中,也從女病患身上發現到,她們的母女關係存在著介於自主與仰賴之間的衝突。為了增加母女關係論述的多樣性,本文亦特別引進法國精神分析女性主義的論點來加入討論,其中的理論家包括露西‧依蕊格瑞與朱莉亞‧克麗絲提娃。以拉岡的主體性論述為基礎,依蕊格瑞與克麗絲提娃皆對語言中的女性與母性之再現提出她們的論點。依蕊格瑞在她以女兒為觀點所寫的論文中,便因前伊底帕斯期中的母女共生親密關係,使得女兒的心理成長呈現停滯狀態,而對母親提出抱怨。為能讓母女之間產生對話,本論文採用珍‧蓋樂普的做法,將克麗絲提娃的'母性聲音'加入'母女的對話'之中。根據對這些精神分析理論之研究,本文最後提出三項結論,並標舉出精神分析女性主義趨向於修正其理論,使其更符合女性主義利益的作法。 |
英文摘要 | Emerging as a part of the second-wave feminist movement, psychoanalytic feminism is now regarded as one of the most influential branches of feminist thinking, providing an invaluable source of inspiration and strength for later generations of feminists. Despite occupying this privileged position in contemporary feminist thought, psychoanalytic feminism has also been strongly criticized for its adoption of mother-blaming tome and of child-centered per5spective. Bearing in mind these pitfalls, this paper attempts to address the issues concerned by offering a rereading of texts written by four renowned psychoanalytic feminist. Psychoanalytic feminisms include on the one hand the object-relations theory of such American feminists as Nancy Chodorow and Jane Flax. Modeling their theory on Freudian psychoanalysis, Chodorow and Flax both show the complexity of the mother-daughter relationship. With her discovery of the formation of feminine personality, Chodorow contributed to feminis min modeling different possibilities of self-representation for women. In her psychiatric experiment with female patients, Flax also discovered the existence of conflict between autonomy and nurturance in the mother-daughter relationship. To add perspectives on the mother-daughter relationship, this paper also uses French psychoanalytic feminism? In particular the theories of Luce Irigaray and Julia Kristeva. Basing their theories on the Lacanian model of subjectivity, Irigaray and Kristeva are both concerned with the representation of the feminine and the maternal within language. Irigaray's essay, which is written from a daughter's perspective, complains to the mother about the paralysis she suffers in her symbiotic closeness with the mother. In order to engage the voices of both daughter and mother, this study employs Jane Gallop's idea of a 'dialogue between mother and daughter' by adding to the discussion Kristeva's maternal voice. Grouping these theorists together for a full-range discussion, I argue that there emerges a theoretical tendency to redress the pitfalls in favor of a more feminist-orientated approach to formulating mothering and mother-daughter relationships. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。