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題 名 | 明代徽州婦女繼承、處置夫家產業之權限--以徽州散件賣契為例=The Hui-Chou Female Rights to Inherit and Manage the Property of Hushand's Family in the Ming Dynasty--According to the Hui-Chou Discrete Contracts |
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作 者 | 顧盼; 張純寧; | 書刊名 | 東吳歷史學報 |
卷 期 | 9 2003.03[民92.03] |
頁 次 | 頁145-181 |
分類號 | 544.592 |
關鍵詞 | 明代; 徽州; 婦女; 散件賣契; Ming Dynasty; Hui-Chou; Women; The discrete contracts; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 明代婦女在夫家經濟活動之相關前人研究有限,就整體的制度、法制史方面而言,明清時期的婚姻制度,影響婦女在夫家的地位以及產業的繼承與處置權,當時寡婦守節風氣的普遍,某種程度上也是基於經濟的理性選擇。此外,就研究地區而言,則多半集中在經濟活動發達的江南地區與現存史料豐富的徽州地區。有關徽州地區的婦女議題,近年來也陸續利用現存的徽州契約文書為史料進行研究。而本文試圖釐清明代法律對婦女繼承、處置夫家產業的限制,再結合明代徽州散件賣契中的婦女入契個案,尤側重婦女產業來源與婦女立契身份相關問題,進一步考察明代徽州婦女對於夫家產業的繼承與處置權限。 就明代法律對婦女繼承與處置夫家產業的諸多限制來看,仍是基於保障夫家財產完整性的前提所制訂的,婦女必須守節才可以繼承、處置夫家產業。由明代徽州散件賣契來看,在婦女的繼承權方面,賣契中呈現的幾種婦女產業來源,也顯示不論是間接承產或是直接承產方式,婦女都必須是守節身份方能擁有其權力,因此也間接證實明代徽州婦女多守節有其經濟來源的必要性。在婦女的處置權方面,賣契中婦女所擔任的立契身份,則顯示明代徽州婦女對於夫家產業的處置權是暫時性的,會隨著兒子的成長而轉移,因為有其時間上的限制,所以只能說婦女只有夫家產業的代管權而非擁有權。即便如此,從賣契中顯示徽州婦女在代管夫家產業期間,由於現實需要,不但可以去執行夫家產業的決定權,也可以透過較間接的方式,包括以婦女同賣或是行使主盟權的方式等,去實踐對於夫家產業的處置權。 |
英文摘要 | There were limited discussions on the economic activities in husbands’ families of married women in Ming Dynasty. These limited previous researches frequently concentrated in Kiang-Nan area where had well-developed economic activities and in Hui-Chou area where ha abundant historical information. Accompanying with the arrangement of documentations, there were several researches about married women in Hui-Chou area conducted by using existing contracts and documents from Ming Dynasty. In this article, the author will combine the legal restrictions on women about the inheritance and disposition of husband’s properties in Ming Dynasty with discrete contracts which involved women and talked about the source of properties and the identities of women contractors to further investigate the problems of women in inheritance and disposition of husband’s properties in Ming Dynasty. The article first discusses the legal restrictions on women about inheritance and disposition of husband’s properties in Ming Dynasty. In general, these restrictions in Ming Dynasty were established under the premises to protect the integrity of husband’s properties. Women had to preserve chastity after the death of her husband to preserve the right to inherit or dispose husband’s properties. The, from the discrete contracts from Ming Dynasty, about the right of inheritance of women, the sources of women properties revealed that, no mater from direct inheritance or indirect inheritance, woman had to preserve chastity after the death of her husband to preserve the right. This indirectly proved that there was an Economic necessity for the numerous charitable women in Hui-Chou area in Ming Dynasty. In the right of disposition of husband’s properties, from the identity of woman contractor, it was obvious that women only owned a temporary right to dispose husband’s properties. With the grow-up of her son, the right will be shifted. A time restriction existed. That is, woman only had administration right, not the ownership of the properties. Even though, the contracts reveled that women had great decisive power on husbands’ properties. They also could exercise the right of disposition on husbands’ properties by indirect methods, such as acted as the woman co-seller or the master contractor. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。