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題 名 | 水稻斑飛蝨之族群動態與發生預測=Studies on the Population Dynamics and Forecasting Population Abundance of Smaller Brown Planthopper, Laodelphax Striatellus (Fallen) on Rice in Taiwan |
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作 者 | 鄭清煥; | 書刊名 | 植物保護學會會刊 |
卷 期 | 45:1 2003.03[民92.03] |
頁 次 | 頁17-33 |
分類號 | 433.3 |
關鍵詞 | 水稻; 斑飛蝨; 族群動態; 發生預測; Smaller brown planthopper; Laodelphax striatellus fallen; Population dynamcis; Population forecasting; Rice; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 斑飛蝨(Laodelphax striatellus (Fallen))為臺灣重要水稻害蟲之一,除直接危害外並可媒介傳播稻縞葉枯病。本研究利用自1985年以來該蟲在田間之發生密度及誘捕器材之捕獲蟲數,分析其發生動態及影響族群發生密度之因子,並藉以建立發生預測模式。結果顯示斑飛蝨在臺灣中部一年可完成八個世代;第一、二期稻均可遭受三個世代斑飛蝨的危害;其族群高峰,無論在早、中、晚植稻均出現於水稻抽穗後,大部出現於乳熟至糊熟期間。水稻種植後,斑飛蝨之遷入稻田蟲數一般隨種植期之延遲而遞減,但因各世代成蟲的長翅型比例在65 %以上,顯示新羽化成蟲部分遷出稻田於空中浮游或遷往較晚種植水稻。第一期稻田間斑飛蝨之發生最高族群密度與五至七月誘蟲燈之誘捕數之誘捕數呈顯著正相關(r = 0.48005*),與氣帶式捕蟲網之捕蟲數量呈顯著負相關(r = -0.67094**)。而第二期稻之田間發生密度雖與十至十二月之誘蟲燈捕蟲數呈正相關,而與氣帶式捕蟲網之捕蟲數呈負相關,但相關均未達統計顯著標準。五至七月誘蟲燈捕獲蟲數非但與二期稻田間斑飛蝨族群具極顯著相關(r = 0.62031*),並明顯地影響次年一期稻之族群(r =0.53700*);同樣五至七月氣帶式捕蟲網之捕蟲數與第一、二稻田間斑飛蝨發生密度呈負相關(r值分別為0.67094**及0.57202*),且與十至十二月及次年五至七月之氣帶式捕蟲網的捕蟲數呈密切關係(r值分別為0.71800**及0.74407**)。分析影響第一、二期稻田間斑飛蝨族群族群密度之因子,顯示在第一期稻以前一年十二月黃色水盤之捕蟲數及十二月至三月之平均溫度關係最為密切;在第二期水稻則以七至八月氣帶式捕蟲網之捕獲蟲數,或移植後30天黃色水盤之捕蟲數及八月每小時降雨量呈超過10mm天數,及八月之平均溫度與九月之颱風天數關係較密切。利用逐步回歸分析,已建立斑飛蝨在第一、二期稻之可能發生預測模式,可供進一步實用性之試測。 |
英文摘要 | The smaller brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus (Fallen) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) is an important insect pest of rice in Taiwan; in addition to causing direct damage by sucking nutrients from vascular tissues of rice plants, it also acts as a vector for transmission of rice stripe virus disease. The present study was conducted to determine the population dynamics of this insect pest, factors affecting the population abundance, and the development of models for forecasting the population based on data collected from monitored fields and traps since 1985 in central Taiwan. Data indicate that the smaller brown planthopper goes through 8 generations a year, with 3 generations for each crop of rice. The population peak, regardless of planting time, appeared mostly during the milky to doughy stages of the rice. In general, macropterous adults of the smaller brown planthopper immigrated successively to paddy fields soon after transplanting. The population of immigrants was significantly higher in paddy fields planted earlier than those planted later. Since the ratio of brachypterous adults in every generation was lower then 35 % both in the first and second cropping season, a portion of the newly emerged adults from the earlier planted rice either migrated to the later planted rice or drifted away in the air. In the first cropping season, the highest population of the planthopper in paddy fields was positively correlated with catches by light traps, but was significantly negatively correlated with catches by airborne net traps from May to July. Similar relationships were also observed among field populations and catches by light and airborne net traps from October to December in the second cropping season, but the correlations did not reach statistical significance. Further analysis of the factors affecting the population abundance of the planthopper showed that catches by yellow water-pan traps in ratooning rice during last December and the average temperatures from the previous December to March were the most important factors affecting the population in the first cropping season. However, catches by airborne net traps from July to August or catches by yellow water pan traps within 30 days after transplanting, average temperature and days of rainfall exceeding 10 mm/h in August, and times when a typhoon was present were the important factors affecting the population in the second cropping season. Several models for forecasting the population abundance were developed for the present study to further test their applicability. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。