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題 名 | Impact of Crop Rotation on Soilborne Diseases and Yield of Kidney Bean: A Case Study in Northern Japan=用日本北部的一項試驗來探討輪作對菜豆產量及根部病害之影響 |
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作 者 | 黃鴻章; | 書刊名 | 植物病理學會刊 |
卷 期 | 11:2 2002.06[民91.06] |
頁 次 | 頁87-96 |
分類號 | 434.12 |
關鍵詞 | 輪作栽培; Pythium幼苗猝倒病; Fusarium萎黃病; 生物防治; 菜豆; 甜菜; Crop rotation; Pythium damping-off; Fusarium yellow; Biocontrol; Kidney bean; Sugar beet; |
語 文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 本文旨在用日本北海道Kitami農業試驗所的一項長期輪作栽培試驗(1959-2000)來比較輪作體系對菜豆產量及根部病害的影響。由1994年的資料顯示,和六年輪作處理(及馬鈴薯、甜菜、燕麥、菜豆、冬小麥、紅三葉草)相比,菜豆連作處理顯著降低植株高度、地上部產量、結莢數、以及種子大小和產量。由12年(1989-2000)平均資料顯示,菜豆的年平均產量在六年輪作區是 2380 kg/ha,而在連作區只有910 kg/ha,平均年損失約59 %。於採自1994年菜豆連作區、六年輪作區及長期休耕(bare fallow)區做進一步的土壤分析比較,結果顯示,土壤中含有造成菜豆及甜菜猝倒病的病菌(Pythium spp.),以長期連作區最高(> 66.1%的幼苗死亡率),長期休耕區次之,而六年輪作區最低(<38.9%的幼苗死亡率)。又造成菜豆萎凋病的病菌(Fusarium spp.),僅出現於長期菜豆連作土壤中(87%病株)。另外於長期連作區採回的菜豆萎黃病株根部分離結果多屬Pythium spp.與Fusarium spp.病菌,同時於健康的菜豆植株根部很容易分離到Pseudomonas spp.等拮抗細菌。有些菌株作為種子處理劑能顯著降低幼苗猝倒病。這些研究顯示用土壤採樣分析來研究輪作對根部病害的影響及對生物防治菌的增殖情形,是一種不會影響輪作試驗進行的好辦法。 |
英文摘要 | The effects of crop rotation on diseases and yield of kidney bean were investigated using six of the plots in the long-term crop rotation experiment established since 1959 at the Hokkaido Prefectural Kitami Agricultural Experiment Station, Hokkaido, Japan. Data collected in 1994 showed that compared to the 6-year rotation, kidney bean cultivation in repeated monoculture resulted in a significant (P<0.05) reduction in plant height, aboveground plant biomass, pod number, seed yield, and seed size. During the last l2-year period (1989-2000), the average seed yield of kidney bean was 970 kg/ha in monoculture, representing a 59% loss as compared to the average yield of 2380 kg/ha in the 6-year rotation. Greenhouse tests of soil samples collected in 1994 revealed that the incidence of Pythium damping-off of kidney bean and sugar beet was highest (>66.1 %) in the soil from bean monoculture, modest in the soil from bare fallow, and lowest (<38.9%) in the soil from bean in the 6-year rotation. Fusarium yellow of kidney bean was detected at high frequency (87%) only in the soil of bean monoculture. These results from testing of soil samples and examination of field plants suggest that the stunting and yellowing of kidney bean plants observed in monoculture plots were due to a root rot complex caused by Pythium spp. and Fusarium spp. Several isolates of Pseudomonas sp. from healthy bean rootlets of the rotation plots showed suppressive effects to the damping-off pathogens in this field. This study suggests that the soil testing method is useful for studying activities of soilborne pathogens and beneficial microorganisms in microplots where removal of plants is restricted. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。