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題名 | 政治(財政)承包制與農民貧困化之研究=The Linkage Political (Fiscal) Contract System between Poverty Farmers in PRC |
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作者 | 呂爾浩; 鄭方傑; | 書刊名 | 東亞季刊 |
卷期 | 33:4 2002.10[民91.10] |
頁次 | 頁31-46 |
分類號 | 564.133 |
關鍵詞 | 政治承包制; 財政承包制; 黨管幹部; 幹部考核制度; 統收統支; Political contract system; Fiscal contract system; Cadres evaluation system; Dang guan ganbu; Tongshou tongshi; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 政治承包制,雖未如財政承包制廣為學界所了解,但兩者實為一體之兩面。本文認為兩種制度交互作用使得中國大陸落後地區農民在解放後50年仍未能翻身。 本文認為之政治承包制在政治制度之體現為「黨管幹部」原則與「幹部考核制度」,黨管幹部原則使得農村幹部必須依照上級黨組織指揮行動,而非當地農民意願,而幹部考核制度則是多種指標構成的各種表現,指標而農村幹部完成指標則決定其拔擢機會。「幹部考核制度」在財政領域孿生兄弟是財政承包制度,與幹部考核制度相似,上級政府通常給予農村幹部一些財政指標,幹部在完成上繳一定財政指標後,財政收入和支出可自由管理(統收統支),兩種承包制度的後果給予農村幹部濫權意願和能力,政治承包制使得幹部只重視自己政治前途而非農民生計,財政承包制使得幹部有權向農民壓榨已完成指標。本文給予此一現象的政策建議是透過農村民主化建立現代化稅收制度。 |
英文摘要 | Unlike the term of fiscal contract system, “Political contract system” isn't well know by China studies scholars. We consider the two systems China farmers can't reverse their situation even after Communist Party's “Liberation”. We indicated that the practice of “Political contract system” is dang guan ganbu and “Cadres evaluation system” in PRC politic institutions. The former led rural cadres must obey guidelines from the upper party organs but local residents. The cardes evaluation system is the guidelines for performance criteria of local cadres, which include tens indicators Rural cadre complete these indicators for their evaluation. Similar “Cadre evaluation system”, fiscal contract system also is performance criteria and includes fiscal indicators. Rual cadres must remit fix amount revenues to upper level in a year and are able to mange fully in and extra budgetary (tongshou tongshi) after the remittance. The two system lead rural cadres have incentive and capability to press poor farmers. Finally, our policy implements are that establish democracy institution and moderm levy system in rural China. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。