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頁籤選單縮合
題名 | Controversies over the Measurement of Party Identification: Unidimensional vs. Multidimensional=政黨認同測量的爭議:單一面向或是多層面向 |
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作者 | 吳重禮; Wu, Chung-li; |
期刊 | 中山人文社會科學期刊 |
出版日期 | 20021200 |
卷期 | 10:2=23 2002.12[民91.12] |
頁次 | 頁135-151 |
分類號 | 570.14 |
語文 | eng |
關鍵詞 | 政黨認同; 政治態度; 投票行為; 獨立選民; 遞讓性; Party identification; Political attitude; Voting behavior; Independent voter; Intransitivity; |
中文摘要 | 自從1950年代以來,行為學派研究者嘗試運用各種不同的分析途徑與測量方式,對於「政治態度」(political attitudes)的概念與相關議題進行瞭解。實證研究發現,選民的政治態度與其本身的政治行為有著顯著的關係。在各類的政治態度面向之中,「政黨認同」(party identification)乃是一項重要的心理成分,它是個人整體的價值觀念與信仰系統中關鍵的一環。此外,就比較政治的觀點而言,在一個政治體系中,多數選民政黨認同的分佈及強度,與該體系的穩定與否亦有著密切的關係。鑑於政黨認同研究具有重要的理論意涵,此篇「文獻評議」(review essay)嘗試回顧與評析過去數十年間美國政治學界研究政黨認同的重要參考文獻,特別著重於測量面向的議題。儘管政黨認同係屬單一面向或是多層面向的論辯,學界仍眾說紛紜、尚無定見,然而本文以為,單一面向的測量方式顯然有其不足之處,反觀多層面向的測量雖較為複雜,但卻為理論建構提供更為完整的資訊,尤其對於若干多黨體制的政治環境。無疑地,瞭解這些學術論辯,對於政黨認同的測量以及諸多研究領域的探究,例如「政黨重組」(party realignment)、「政黨解構」(party dealignment)、「關鍵性選舉」(critical election)、「分裂投票」(split-ticket voting)、「策略性投票」(strategic voting)、「投票變遷」(voting transition)、「選舉穩定度」(electoral stability)、「總體政黨認同轉移」(macropartisanship)等,將頗有助益。 |
英文摘要 | Since the 1950s, behavioral researchers have tried to adopt various analytical approaches and measurements to examine “political attitudes” and to evaluate some attitude-to-behavior issues. Preceding literature has empirically shown that the distribution and intensity of political attitudes are profoundly related to the stability, integration, and development of political systems. With respect to a variety of political attitudes, it is generally accepted that “party identification” is an important psychological component associated with a wide range of political behaviors. It is a logical expectation that those who hold stronger senses of party ID tend to be more active politically. In a democratic polity, citizens participate in different patterns of political activities in order to influence the structure of government, the selection of government authorities, or the policies of government. These activities could support the existing policies, authorities, or structure, or they may seek to change any or all of these. In other words, the reason to participate politically is to affect the distribution of values. In a democracy, the public has more opportunities to play a dominant role in deciding how to allocate the social values than in other kinds of polities. Therefore, stronger sense of party ID can be viewed as a norm that supports a democratic political regime. In view of its important implications theoretically, this review essay examines some American literature of party ID, especially research on its measurements. Although the controversies over the dimensionality problem of measuring party ID remain, I argue that the traditional unidimensional measure has some serious disadvantages, while the multidimensional model should be much more appropriate to measure the electorate’s perceptions of political parties. I also believe that to understand the contending measurements of party ID should benefit researchers to comprehend some critical issues and theories, e.g., party realignment, party dealignment, critical election, split-ticket voting, strategic voting, voting transition, electoral stability, and macropartisanship. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。