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題 名 | 四紋豆象(Callosobruchus maculatus (F.))對寄主大小之辨識及其產卵行為=Host Size Discrimination and Oviposition Behavior of the Seed Beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) |
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作 者 | 楊若苓; 洪淑彬; | 書刊名 | 臺灣昆蟲 |
卷 期 | 22:4 2002.12[民91.12] |
頁 次 | 頁343-357 |
分類號 | 387.785 |
關鍵詞 | 四紋豆象; 分辨能力; 寄主大小; 產卵分布; Callosobruchus maculatus; Discrimination ability; Host size; Egg distribution; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 四紋豆象雌蟲可分辨寄主品質而調整其產卵行為。由於過去研究顯示在有幼蟲競爭情形下,產在越大寄主上其幼蟲存活率會越高,故雌豆象在產卵時若能分辨寄主大小則可提高其適應值。本試驗提供4個大小等級的紅豆排放呈4×4的矩陣以測試四紋豆象在整個產卵過程對寄主大小的分辨能力,進而瞭解豆象產卵偏好與寄主重量之關係。試驗結果發現豆象在剛開始產卵時會偏好利用大寄主,但各大小等級寄主都有被接受產卵,只是有比例上的差異,因此並未發現支持界限法則之證據。隨產卵時間的增加,平均卵密度由0.5上升到1時,對各等級寄主利用比例會逐漸接近,但始終維持較大寄主被利用比例較小寄主為高,單位時間產卵數亦得到相同結果。當平均卵密度超過1,對各等級寄主利用比例之差異又會逐漸拉大,因此豆象對寄主大小的辨識終生存在,但其表現可能受環境變異影響。於是我們更進一步嘗試以各等級寄主重量所佔比例來預測產卵分布,並以卡方分析來檢測其與實際產卵分布的差異。結果發現,不論是描述剛開始產卵或在有卵豆上產卵的時候,其卡方值都不顯著。故我們認為用寄主大小(重量)來預測四紋豆象產卵分布情形是可行的,特別是要描述多卵豆的分布時,更為準確。文中進一步根據寄主大小對幼蟲存活影響的資料,探討四紋豆象對寄主大小辨識之適應意義。 |
英文摘要 | Callosobruchus maculatus can adjust its oviposition behavior to variable host qualities. Previous studies showed that larvae on larger beans have higher survivorship, especially when larval competition is severe. Therefore, discriminating host size in the oviposition process is crucial for enabling female beetles to increase their fitness. In our experiments, four sizes of adzuki beans were arranged into a 4×4 array to test the beetle's discrimination ability through out its life. The results showed that females laid a higher proportion of eggs on larger rather than smaller beans, while the threshold of accepting beans was not observed in our treatment. In the period when the egg density increased from zero to one, differences between the proportions of eggs on large beans and small ones decreased. But even in this period, the mean number of eggs laid on large beans per unit time was still higher than that on small ones. When the mean egg density was greater than one, the preference for laying on larger beans again became significant. Further, the mean weight of each size of bean was used to predict the egg distribution on different sizes of hosts, and Chi-square test was applied to test the goodness of fit between the observed and predicted distributions. The results showed that Chi-square values were significantly lower when the egg density was less than one-half or greater than one. Therefore, bean weight can be used to predict egg distribution, especially when the mean egg density is greater than one. Furthermore, based on the data of larval survival being influenced by host size, the adaptation of host size discrimination by the seed beetle was explored. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。