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題名 | 以計算流體動力學研析建築設施環境風場對雨滴軌跡與降雨分佈之影響=CFD Investigation of the Effect of Airflow Pattern on Raindrop Trajectory and Wind-Driven Rainfall Distribution around Buildings |
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作者姓名(中文) | 張倉榮; 吳毓庭; | 書刊名 | 農業工程學報 |
卷期 | 48:3 2002.09[民91.09] |
頁次 | 頁31-41 |
分類號 | 328.63 |
關鍵詞 | 計算流體動力學; 設施與環境; 建築物環境風場; 雨滴軌跡; 降雨分佈; Computational fluid dynamics; Structure and environment; Airflow field around buildings; Raindrop trajectory; Wind-driven rainfall distribution; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究藉由計算流體動力學(Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD)發展尤拉觀點(Eulerian)之環境風場模擬模式及拉格蘭觀點(Lagrangian)之雨滴軌跡追蹤模式,以計算建築物鄰近區域的環境風場、雨滴掉落軌跡與雨滴空間分佈。環境風場模式係以不可壓縮黏性流體為模式之基本架構,使用有限差分法(FDM)與大漩渦模擬(LES)紊流模式來模擬建築物附近的紊流場,而雨滴軌跡追蹤模式則主要是以釋放大量的雨滴來追蹤其傳輸軌跡、沉降路徑及終端撞擊點。本研究所發展的數值模式首先與前人風洞試驗量測結果進行驗證比對,繼而以10種境況案例來探討不同建築物高度與不同勁雨角(雨滴終端沉降速度對環境風場水平速度之比值)時之雨滴軌跡及其在建築物周遭的降雨空間分佈。模擬結果顯示當勁雨角愈小時,受到環境風場的影響愈大,雨滴的運動軌跡越傾斜,造成吹打在建築物表面上的雨滴數量增加,也使得建築物周遭的降雨空間分佈愈不均勻。另外,雨滴傳輸軌跡與降雨空間分佈會隨著建築物高長比的增加而更加的不均勻,迎風面區域之降雨量會大量增加,但當建築物高長比降至1:1以下時,建築物前後降雨分佈相差不大。本數值模式可針對相同類型不同尺寸之建築物做重複且多樣性模擬,所求得之環境風場、雨滴軌跡及降雨空間分佈等結果,可應用於建築物耐雨設計及排水系統規劃之參考。 |
英文摘要 | The CFD wind-driven rain tracking has been generated to investigate the redistribution of wind-driven rainfalls around a building by combining an Eulerian wind flow model as well as a Lagrangian raindrop-tracking model. The former conducts the large eddy simulation of the turbulent flows around the building and the latter performs raindrop trajectory calculations by releasing a large number of raindrops into the computational domain. The models are verified with available wind tunnel measurements and are found to be accurated. Ten sets of scenario simulations are carried out for setting various building configurations and driving rain angles. The simulated results show that the trajectories of smaller raindrops are more slanting and more influenced by the building-perturbed flow field. Impingement of raindrops on the building envelope increases from bottom to top of the building. The height of the building is a significant factor contributing to wind-driven rain redistribution. Distinct nonuniform rainfall distributions are found for scenarios with tall buildings and low driving rain angles. The simulated results of the present study can contribute to the detailed designs of rain shelter on the building as well as stormwater drainage systems around the building. |
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