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題 名 | 重要農藝作物之組織培養技術及應用 |
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作 者 | 蔡新聲; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷 期 | 158 1992.06[民81.06] |
頁 次 | 頁1-18 |
分類號 | 434.28 |
關鍵詞 | 技術; 組織培養; 農藝作物; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 組織培養在重要農藝作物的應用可分以下幾個領域:1.利用生長點或莖頂培養配合熱處理的技術,可去除優良作物之病毒,以達到發揮品種特性及生產潛力的效果;2.試管授精及胚培養的技術,可使雜交不親和性的作物,或遠緣種、屬間之作物達到基因重組的目的;3.花藥培養所形成的單倍體,經染色體倍加可迅速獲得同質雙單元體,不但縮短了育種的時間,而且提高了品種改良過程中選拔的效率;4.生長點、莖頂及芽體培養的大量繁殖,降低了高價作物銷售的單價,使高價作物得以全面迅速普及化;5.細胞懸浮培養不但在人工種子的製作、大量繁殖及突變育種上不可或缺,而且提供工業化生產二次代謝物的機會;6. 利用組織培養及懸浮細胞保存種源則為龐大的生物資源,提供了免於斷送在我們手中,得以長久留存子孫可行之道;7.原生質體培養及融合的實現,不但促成體細胞雜種的形成,而且是進行基因工程的極佳材料;8.遺傳工程的技術,經由A. tumefaciens及A. rhizogenes等菌類中質體的善加利用及細胞的再生技術,可將有用基因導入而創立細胞育種。本文簡述組織培養在這些領域上的應用情形。 |
英文摘要 | The application of tissue culture technique to the production of major agronomic crops can be categorized into the following fields. (1)The combination of meristem/shoot-tip culture and heat treatment can produce seedlings free from the transmission of viruses. (2)Cross incompatibility between distantly-related species can be overcome by test-tube fertilization and embryo culture. (3)Breeding efficiency can be improved by the utilization of haploid plants from anther culture. (4)Mass propagation of plants can be achieved by the adoption of meristem and shoot-tip culture. (5)Liquid suspension cutlure is valuable in mass propagation, mutation breeding, and production of artificial seeds and secondary products. (6)Techniques of tissue culture and suspension culture can be applied to the preservation of plant germplasms. (7)The success of protoplast culture and protoplast fusion provides the opportunity of producing somatic hybrids and materials for genetic engineering studies. (8)Gene transfer through vectors such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes followed by plant regeneration with tissue culture technique are essential in the recombinant DNA studies. This paper summarizes the application of tissue culture technique in these fields with representing examples. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。