頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 臺灣作物根腐線蟲之鑑定及生物學研究=Identification and Biological Study of Pratylenchus spp. Isolated From the Crops in Taiwan |
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作 者 | 吳信郁; 蔡東纂; 林奕耀; | 書刊名 | 植物病理學會刊 |
卷 期 | 11:3 2002.09[民91.09] |
頁 次 | 頁123-136 |
分類號 | 433.3 |
關鍵詞 | 根腐線蟲; 形態鑑定; 寄主範圍; 生物學研究; Root-lesion nematode; Morphological identification; Host range; Biological; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 根腐線蟲(Pratylenchus spp., root-lesion)-屬目前共有66種,遍佈世界各地,且寄主範圍相當廣泛。根腐線蟲主要取食寄主植物地下部之幼嫩根尖,並侵入皮層細胞繁殖、潛移,造成根部組織腐爛,而影響植株生長;並常引起其他病原菌的侵入,造成複合性病害。在臺灣,根腐線蟲所造成之危害僅次於根瘤線蟲;先前調查記錄根腐線蟲種類共有五種,分別為P. penetrans、P. brachyurus、P. loosi、P. coffeae及P. pratensis。然由於缺乏詳細之鑑定依據,且國外鑑定資料不斷更新,因此,臺灣根腐線蟲的種類,有進一步的鑑定及探討之必要。根據本省各地之採樣調查,於實驗室中進行根腐線蟲形態觀察與其測量值,鑑定出三種根腐線蟲,分別為南方根腐線蟲(P. coffeae)、北方根腐線蟲(P. penetrans)及茶根腐線蟲(P. loosi)。其中南方根府線蟲危害主範圍最廣,分佈遍及全省,而以中南部為多;北方根腐線蟲主要危害草莓,分佈於中部以北;而茶根腐線蟲主要危害茶樹,於本省中部茶園普遍可發現,而由南方根腐線蟲及北方根腐線蟲所造成之共同感染,僅在國姓鄉之香蕉及草莓園中發現。進一步對其進行生物學研究,發現南方根腐線蟲培養於胡蘿蔔癒合組織中之族群發展以30℃為最好,12℃以下或36℃以上線蟲無法繁殖,蟲卵的孵化率以24℃時最高,12℃以下則無法孵化,其生活史在28℃時最短,為27天。北方根腐線蟲則以24℃為族群發展之最適溫度,在36℃以上線蟲無法繁殖,蟲卵的孵化率以20℃時最高,36℃以上則無法孵化,其生活史在24℃時為37天;茶根腐線蟲以20℃為族群發展之最適溫度,在32℃以上線蟲無法繁殖,蟲卵的孵化率以16℃時最高,36℃以上則無法孵化,其生活史在20℃時為46天。將這三種根腐蟲進行相互交配試驗,發現均無法產生後代,顯示其已演化為形質特性獨立之種類。 |
英文摘要 | Pratylenchus coffeae、P. penetrans and P. loosi were identified in Taiwan by laboratory observation and measurements based on the morphological character. According to the field-survey in Taiwan, P. coffeae had a wide host range and was distributed mainly in the south-central Taiwan, P. penetrans causing the damage mainly on strawberry distributed at north of the central Taiwan, and P. loosi only causing the damage of tea trees was generally found in the central Taiwan. The coexistence of P. coffeae and P. penetrans in strawberry and banana fields was found only in Kuohsing where these two crops were grown nearby. In the biological study of Pratylenchus spp., The optimum temperature for population development of P. coffeae cultivated in carrot calli was 30℃, P. penetrans was 24℃, and P. loosi was 20℃. The optimum temperature for eggs hatching of P. coffeae on 2% water agar was 24℃, P. penetrans was 20℃, and P. loosi was 16℃, respectively. The length of completing a life cycle of P. coffeae cultivated in carrot calli at the optimum temperature was about 27-28days, P. penetrans was about 34-35 days, and P. loosi was 45-46 days, respectively. The mating test among P. coffeae、P. penetrans and P. loosi showed that there were no response each other. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。