查詢結果分析
來源資料
相關文獻
- A Comparative Study of Australia-ROC Relations and Canada-ROC Relations in the Post Cold War Era
- 臺灣、日本、美國、加拿大、澳洲有關門診、急診、住院診察費之比較
- A Comparative Study of Australia-Taiwan Relations and Australia-South Korean Relations Since the 1990s
- 澳日簽定自由貿易協議之內容及其對臺灣經濟發展的啟示
- The Possibility of Cross-Straits Cooperation in the Economic Relations with Australia
- 高等教育弱勢扶助方案國際經驗與反省
- 加拿大、澳洲、與挪威書刊資料送繳制度
- 以「戒急用忍」提昇臺灣競爭力
- 當代華人的海外移民
- 臺灣亞太營運中心的建立對香港及兩岸經貿關係發展的可能影響
頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | A Comparative Study of Australia-ROC Relations and Canada-ROC Relations in the Post Cold War Era=冷戰後時代澳臺與加臺經貿關係之比較研究 |
---|---|
作 者 | 劉德海; | 書刊名 | 澳洲研究 |
卷 期 | 3 2002[民91.] |
頁 次 | 頁157-183 |
分類號 | 558.5712 |
關鍵詞 | 澳洲; 臺灣; 經貿關係; 加拿大; |
語 文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 澳洲與加拿大皆以中型國家(middle power)自居,其外交政策行為的主要特徵為多邊主義(multilateralism)、經貿外交與合作性安全(cooperative security)。這兩國在九○年代初不約而同地開始重視包括中華民國在內的東北亞各國。再者,澳加兩國皆為自然資源豐富、地廣人稀的大國,恰與資源貧乏的臺灣在經貿上有極強的互補性。此外,一方面由於澳加兩國都採取積極吸收臺灣商業與投資移民的措施,一方面由於兩國生活環境宜人,政治社會安定,因而在九○年代初兩國超越美國成為臺灣人海外移民的最愛。正因為澳加兩國有諸多的雷同之處,同時兩國與臺灣關係也有頗多相似之處,使筆者決定從雙邊貿易相互投資、移民與科技合作四個角度來比較分析澳加兩國與臺灣的經貿互動。 拜地利(地理上鄰近)之賜,澳臺經貿互動的規模大於加臺經貿互動的規模。首先就雙邊貿易而言,據中華民國、臺灣地區進出口貿易統計資料,兩千年澳臺貿易總額(五十三億美元)約為加臺貿易總額(三十一億美元)的一點七倍。一般而言,澳洲對臺貿易多維持順差而加拿大對臺貿易則多半為逆差。二千年澳洲對臺貿易享有十六億多美元的順差,而加國對臺貿易則有六億美元的赤字。至於貿易結構,澳洲對臺出口總額為卅五億美元,主要是以原油(六億四千五百萬美元)與礦石如煤(五億六千萬美元)、鋁(三億八千八百萬美元)為主。又據一九九九~二○○○年度澳洲貿易結構的數據,該年度澳臺雙邊貿易總額為七十九億澳元,澳洲對臺出口總額為四十六億澳元。澳對臺出口大宗出現變化,傳統高居澳洲對臺出口首位的煤(五億三千二百萬澳元)跌落至第四位,而鋁(六億一千萬澳元)、原油(六億零三百萬澳元)與不公開項目(可能是鈾或小麥,五億三千八百萬澳元)則躍居澳洲對臺出口最多的前三項產品。臺灣因而成為澳洲鋁的第二大出口市場、澳洲煤、鐵礦、羊毛與牛肉的第四大出口市場以及澳洲原油的第五大出口市場。反觀,加拿大對臺輸出總額十二億美元,傳統上是以紙漿(一億五千萬美元)、非環醇及其衍生物(Acyclic Alcohols and their derivatives)與生皮為大宗。不過,二千年熱冷陰極管及光陰極管二極體等類(七千八百萬美元)與有線電話或電報器具(七千一百萬美元)崛起分居加國對臺出口的第二、第三大產品。另一方面,二千年澳洲與加拿大自我國進口總額皆為十八億美元左右,加拿大比澳洲僅多出五千多萬美元。而兩國從我國進口的主要項目均為自動資料處理機(電腦等)及其周邊附件與辦公用機械與零件。 受到全球經濟不景氣以及臺灣經濟衰退的衝擊,二○○一年我國對加、澳兩國進出口總額雙雙下滑,加國為廿五億六千萬美元,而澳洲則為四十四億四千七百萬美元,其中對加國出口總額為十五億六千四百萬美元,比前一年減少百分之十六,而澳洲則為十三億六千二百萬美元,比前一年減少百分之廿五;從加國進口總額是九億九千六百萬美元,比前一年萎縮百分之廿二,而自澳洲進口三十億八千五百萬美元的產品,比前一年減少百分之十一。 再就澳臺間的相互投資來看,至二00一年十二月底止,澳洲對臺灣投資累計總額(九億零七百萬美元)約為加拿大在臺投資累計總額(三億六千九百萬美元)的二點四六倍。同期,澳洲對臺投資累計總額是臺灣在澳洲投資累計總額(一億一千二百萬美元)的九倍左右。另一方面,至兩千年年十二月底止加拿大在臺投資累積總額是臺灣在加國投資累計總額(九千四百萬美元)的三點九倍。不過,臺商在去年一年內注入近二億四千九百萬美元至加拿大,使加臺之間的相互投資趨於平衡。 總之,就貿易與投資的量來看,澳洲顯然比加拿大較重視臺灣的市場,而在投資方面,與澳洲相較,臺商則比較偏愛加拿大。就從中長期來看,基於地緣的因素以及臺灣對澳洲原料的高度依賴,澳洲與臺灣經貿互動比加拿大與臺灣經貿互動更具潛力。不過,在科技合作與吸收臺灣移民方面則加拿大比澳洲顯然佔上風。靠著地理鄰近臺灣的優勢、對臺貿易互補性高以及澳方的積極拓銷,澳洲成功地滲入臺灣的市場,並在兩國雙邊貿易持續享有順差十多年。雖然澳臺貿易量受到九七年-九八年亞洲金融危機以及去年臺灣經濟衰退的影響而出現負成長,但是從中長期來看,由於臺灣對澳洲自然資源倚賴日增,尤其是礦產品,因此,只要臺灣經濟復甦,澳臺貿易將可能重現增長的趨勢,甚至可能會因臺灣加入WTO市場進一步開放而加速。另一方面,由於加拿大具有鄰近美國的戰略地緣優勢,加國得以吸引臺灣高科技產業至其國內進行大規模投資以及與加國企業進行科技合作。臺商的主要考量是加拿大是進攻北美自由貿易區與美國市場的跳板。 |
英文摘要 | Both Australia and Canada claim to be middle powers whose foreign policy behavior is characterized by multilateralism, international economic diplomacy and cooperative security. The two countries began to pay attention to Northeast Asia, including Taiwan, in the 1990s. Canada did not seriously look East until the early 1990s.? This was partly motivated by emerging Northeast Asia's economies which meant promising export markets and Ottawa's intention to decrease its trade dependence on Washington. Moreover, the trade liberalization of the NIEs and the creation of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum in the late 1980s also contributed to Canada's decision to increase its economic presence in Northeast Asia. Canada's east-bound policy was further intensified when Jean Chretien became Prime Minister in October 1993. He was eager to create jobs and revitalize Canada's economy which suffered from domestic economic recession and high unemployment. In 1980, among the four Northeast Asian countries, Japan was the only nation listed among Canada's ten largest trading partners. However, since the early 1990s, for Canada, Asia has become more important than Europe in the economic sense. In 1994, among Canada's ten largest trading partners, the combination of Canada's total trade volume with Japan (No. 2) , China (No. 5), South Korea (No. 7) and Taiwan (No. 8) is twice as large as Canada's total trade volume with its major European partners, the United Kingdom (No. 3), Germany (No. 4) and France (No. 10). On the other hand, the question of Australia's future economic direction in the late 1980s brought Australia and Northeast Asia closer in the economic realm. At that time, Northeast Asia's economies were booming at the highest economic growth rate. In this context, with a view to economic ascendancy, the Australian Labor government took a proactive policy of engaging Asia to revitalize Australia’s economy. This became an impetus to Australia's economic interactions with South Korea and Taiwan. Furthermore, the creation of the APEC forum and the trade liberalization of the Newly industrialized Economies including Taiwan in the late 1980s also contributed to Canberra's increasing economic interactions with Taipei. Consequently, up to the early 1990s, more than two-fifths of Australia's exports went to Northeast Asia and five out of Australia's ten top export markets were Northeast Asian countries. In addition, both Australia and Canada have a chunk of land rich in natural resources but sparse population. Australia’s low population dictates that its economy. Low local demand has motivated many sectors of the Australian economy to look outwards, to export markets. As a result, Australia is a trading nation whose economic wellbeing depends to a large extent on its ability to import and export. Because both Australia and Canada are rich in natural resources, they have strong economic complementarity with the ROC, a country with few natural resources. Furthermore, both Australia and Canada have actively engaged in attracting Taiwanese business and investment immigrants. Thus, both have emerged as the most favored destinations for Taiwanese emigrants since the early 1990s. Many similarities between these two countries and their relations with Taiwan motivate me to conduct this comparative study of Taiwan's economic interactions with Australia and Canada since the 1990s. Special attention will be given to their bilateral trade, mutual investment, immigration, and technological cooperation. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。