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頁籤選單縮合
題名 | Biochemical Pathway for the Formation of Abnormal Sclerotia of Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum=菌核病菌產生異常菌核的生化途徑 |
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作者姓名(中文) | 黃鴻章; | 書刊名 | 植物病理學會刊 |
卷期 | 11:1 2002.03[民91.03] |
頁次 | 頁1-6 |
分類號 | 433.4 |
關鍵詞 | 菌核病菌; 異常菌核; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Abnormal sclerotia; Serotonin; Neurotransmitter; Serotoninergic pathway; Serotonin serotoninergic pathway; |
語文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 在1977-1986年間,從加拿大Manitoba及Alberta兩省的向日菌核病(由Sclerotinia sclerotiorum 引起)的樣本中發現兩種不同菌核存在,即有白色中髓的正常菌核(normal sclerotia)與中髓褐變的異常菌核(abnormal sclerotia)。初步生化分析田間樣本,結果顯示正常菌核與異常菌核均含有21種游離氨基酸(free amino acids),而且其中只有色氨酸(Tryptophan)含量在正常菌核中有顯著降底的情形。進一步分析結果證明,正常菌核的白色中髓含有大量的5-Hydroxytryptamin(5-HT)(即神經傳導物質、或稱Serotonin)及少量的5-Hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA)。相反地,異常菌核的褐色中髓內的5-HT含量甚低而5-HIAA的含量甚高。將菌核病菌培養於馬鈴薯瓊脂培養基「分別添加1000ppm的5-HT,5-HIAA,Monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI),Tryptophan,或5-Hydroxytryptophan(5-HTP)」上所形成的菌核切開檢查,發現只有添加5-HIAA的培養基能促使大量菌核(88.7%)的中髓褐變。這種色氨酸及Serotonin(5-HT)降低與5-HIAA增加的特性,證明異常菌核的形成是與色氨酸的代謝過程(即Serotoninergic Pathway)有關。 |
英文摘要 | Biochemical differences between normal (white medulla) and abnormal (brown medulla) sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were compared using samples collected from diseased heads of sunflower grown in commercial fields in Manitoba in 1977 and 1979 and in Alberta in 1985 and 1986. Of the 21 free amino acids detected in medullary tissues, only tryptophan (Trp) was significantly (P<0.05) reduced in abnormal sclerotia, compared to normal ones. Further analyses of medullary tissues revealed that 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin)(5-HT) was present in large amounts in normal sclerotia, but was in small quantity (1997 sample) or absent (1979, 1985 and 1986 samples) in abnormal sclerotia, whereas 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) was present only in small quantity in normal sclerotia but was present in large amounts in abnormal sclerotia. When the chemicals 5-HIAA, monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), Trp, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and 5-HT were tested at 1000 ppm, only the sclerotia from cultures grown on potato dextrose agar amended with 5-HIAA had a high frequency (88.7%) of abnormal sclerotia. The evidence of depleting the neurotransmitter or endocrine modulator of 5-HT and its precursor Trp to its metabolite 5-HIAA in abnormal sclerotia suggests that the serotoninergic pathway is involved in the formation of abnormal sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum. |
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