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題名 | 從西方法治的形成論傳統中國法治社會的阻卻=A Study of Obstacles to the "Rule of Law" in Traditional Chinese Society and the Origins of "Rule of Law" in Western Society |
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作者 | 陳昺麟; Chen, Ping-lin; |
期刊 | 暨大學報 |
出版日期 | 20020300 |
卷期 | 6:1 2002.03[民91.03] |
頁次 | 頁95-128 |
分類號 | 581.1 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 法治; 制法統治; 自然法; 立憲主義; 利益團體多元主義; 超越性宗教; 傳統中國社會; 儒家思想; Rule of law; Rule by law; Natural law; Constitutionalism; Interest group pluralism; Transcendent religion; Traditional Chinese society; Confucianism; |
中文摘要 | 「法治」是傳統中國社會所無,而來自西方法治社會的繼受。但是中國社會在繼受西方法治多年之後,似乎距離理想的法治社會仍然相當遙遠,其中的根本因素可能是兩個社會在本質上有著極大的差異,以致法治無法在中國社會著床、孕育、茁壯。而探索其傳統社會法治形成過程是追本溯源之道。有別於以往學者在此一相關主題時,慣用的單一思想因素的分析方式,筆者嘗試由西方法治形成的過程中的縱貫面的歷史性分析,和橫切面的條件分析兩個向度下手。希望經由中西社會彼此的比較分析,除了了解法治社會形成的可能原因外,並進而對症下藥,了解臺灣社會是否可以跳脫傳統中國社會的限制,而實施法治。 我們由關於西方法治形成的歷史分析和條件分析中了解,法治是西方文明在歷史的軌跡中,經過長久的演進而逐步形成的。它是一個長久而整體的發展,是由多重而非單一的因素所造成的,而在這過程中,「利益團體多元主義」、「自然法」和「思想家啟迪與革命」等因素均扮演過重要的角色。反觀中國社會體制是一體化的社會觀,缺乏西方法治社會競爭性多元權威社會特徵。而中國價值系統係以道德代替宗教,缺乏西方法治社會超越性宗教條件。此外,中國文化講求道德至上,法律僅是一種「治之具」,缺乏西方法治社會「法律至上」觀念。此外,儒家的思維方式是偏重系統總體的綜合考慮,與現代法律重邏輯、分析的特質是不相符的。難怪中國傳統社會發展不出法治。 本文最後審視當今臺灣社會是否有成為法治社會的可能?發現當今臺灣社會傳統中國文化占有的比重降低,也許是臺灣實行法治可能的希望之一;另外,中產階級的興起已有「利益團體多元主義」的態勢;在中研院的調查中顯現的民眾對法治的渴望,有都是臺灣實行法治可能的希望。但是臺灣社會對所繼承的傳統中國社會的文化遺緒部分,仍應有所反省和改造。最後筆者對法治教育提出建議:首先,各級學校在從事有關傳統文化領域的教學時(如國文、歷史),應該配合現代法治社會精神做適當「轉化」,而非一成不變的灌輸傳統價值;再者,相關學者在從事法治教育研究時,應該考量文化因素,並朝建立法治教育本土化方向努力。 |
英文摘要 | The purpose of this study is to determine the obstacles to the rule of law in traditional Chinese society by exploring its origins in Western society. It differs from research concerning this topic in the past, by using two vector-factors rather than one. The first vector is a 'vertical' analysis of the formation of the rule of law in Western society from a historical perspective; the second is a 'horizontal' analysis of the conditions in the process. Examining the origins of the rule of law in Western society, this study finds that it was a lengthy and holistic evolution, due to multiple factors, including "interest group pluralism", "natural law", "thinkers' enlightenment and revolution" and so on. The two primary obstacles to the rule of law in traditional Chinese society were, first, the fact that traditional China was a static autocracy, which Confucian scholars supported either directly or indirectly. Secondly, in Chinese culture, morality was always a top concern, and the law was nothing more than a means to rule; there was no such a concept as "Law First". Thus, the rule of law never appeared in traditional Chinese society. Finally, this study makes some suggestions concerning the education on the rule of law in the modern education system in Taiwan. First of all, conforming to the spirit of the rule of law in modern society, there should be proper "transformation" done in the teaching of subjects concerning traditional culture, such as Chinese, history an so on, rather than imposing traditional values. In addition, researchers in this field should take cultural factors into consideration and make efforts to localize education on the rule of law in Taiwan. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。