頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 佛郎機銃與宸濠之叛=On the Adoption of Breech Loaders and Prince Ning's (Zhu Chen Hao) Treason |
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作 者 | 周維強; | 書刊名 | 東吳歷史學報 |
卷 期 | 8 2002.03[民91.03] |
頁 次 | 頁93-127 |
分類號 | 592.9206 |
關鍵詞 | 佛郎機銃; 王守仁; 朱宸濠; 林俊; 火砲史; 明代軍事史; 葡萄牙; Breech loaders; Wang Shou Ren; Zhu Chen Hao; Lin Jun; History of artillery; Ming military history; Portugal; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 西元十五、十六世紀葡、西等國展開海上探險活動時,海船上所裝備的主要火砲之一為佛郎機銃。過去學者多數認為佛郎機銃於明武宗正德十二年(1517)九月底為明朝官方所知,而仿製於嘉靖三年(1524)。根據《刑部問寧王案》的紀錄,寧王朱宸濠早已於正德十二年三月開始私造佛郎機銃,以備軍事活動所需。取得此銃的可能管道,則為透過海外貿易的聯繫。正德十四年六月十四日,朱宸濠起兵,當時曾經試用佛郎機銃的林俊(1452-1527),可能礙於《大明律》對於私造軍器的規定,立刻連夜鑄造錫製佛郎機銃模型,並派遣家僕攜帶此一模型往南贛巡撫王守仁(1472-1529)駐地,以供王守仁依式改鑄銅鐵佛郎機銃使用。七月二十六日,朱宸濠就擒。八月一日,王守仁始得到林俊所贈錫製模型銃,因此未知佛郎機銃在該戰爭中之應用與表現。然而,王守仁於此役後,命費宏(1468-1535)、唐龍(1477-1546)與鄒守益(1491-1562)等,賦詩唱和紀念林俊贈銃義行,使得士人廣知此一西來火砲及其效能。與宸濠之叛相關人物中,唐龍、蕭淮及舉薦王守仁的王瓊(1459-1532)等,均與嘉靖初期推展使用佛郎機銃息息相關。由是可知,朱宸濠叛亂實為佛郎機銃在華普及之重要關鍵史事。 |
英文摘要 | When the Europeans started to explore the seas in the 15th and 16th centuries, ships were mostly equipped with breech loaders. Scholars used to believe breech loaders were first introduced to the Ming Empire in the late September of 1517, and were copied in 1524. It is shown here, the Treason of Prince Ning during the sixth a seventh months of 1519 was the key date of breech loaders’ introduction. According to official interrogation records, Prince Ning built his first batch of breech loaders as early as the third month of 1517. And he probably obtained his prototypes from overseas trading. On the 14th of the sixth month of 1519, Prince Ning uprose. Probably to avoid illegal weapon making, one senior officer line Jun (林俊,1452-1527) who had seen breech loaders before, built a tin replica of it and asked his servants to carry it to Wang Shou Ren (王守仁,1452-1529), then Southern Qiang Xi province’s governor (南贛巡撫), in the hope he could build his own breech loaders. However Prince Ning was arrested on the 1st of the eighth month. Wang Shou Ren did nto have the luxury to use breech loaders in combat. After the battle, Wang Shou Ren let his friendly forces: Bi Hong (費宏,1468-1535), Tang Long (唐龍,1477-1546), and Wang Shou Ren’s aide Zhou Shou Yi (鄒守益,1491-1562) compose poetry to praise Lin Jun’s loyalty that made the effectiveness of breech loaders widely known among the literati. Many people who fought the treason became promoters of breech loaders, including $Tang Long, Xiao Huai (蕭淮), and Wang Shou Ren’s mentor Wang Qiong (王瓊,1459-1532). Therefore, we can say Prince Ning’s Treason was the key factor to the adoption of breech loaders in China. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。