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題名 | Heterobasidion insulare引起琉球松根基腐病及其培養生理=Root and Butt Rot of Pinus luchuensis Caused by Heterobasidion insulare and Its Nutrient Physiology |
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作者 | 嚴碧昭; 張東柱; 郭幸榮; | 書刊名 | 臺灣林業科學 |
卷期 | 17:1 2002.03[民91.03] |
頁次 | 頁31-39 |
分類號 | 436.33 |
關鍵詞 | 琉球松; 根基腐病; 營養生理; Heterobasidion insulare; Pinus luchuensis; Root and butt rot; Nutrient physiology; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | Heterobasidion insulare於1995年首次於臺北石碇枯死之琉球松發現,之後陸續在北部地區琉球松林發現,一般發生於枯死的琉球松樹幹部,在受害樹木之皮層及木質部間產生薄紙狀菌膜,木材呈現海綿狀白腐朽。此病原經分離與鑑定證實是H.insulare。將本菌菌絲培養於松樹枝條或鋸屑培養基當接種源,將其接種於5種針葉樹苗的莖基部(臺灣五葉松、臺灣二葉松、日本黑松、琉球松和臺灣杉),可造成琉球松及日本黑松感染並致死,且也可自接種發病的組織陽離出相同的病原菌。本文首次報導H.insulare適生長pH值範圍從4.9-6.0,以pH5.2為最佳。碳源利用方面,以果膠最佳,葡萄、半正糖及甘露糖醇也能供給菌絲良好生長。葡萄糖濃度在40-80g/L時,菌絲生長最好,自60g/L時菌絲生長逐漸下降,至240g/L時生長完全停止。無機氮中以氯化銨及硝酸鈣最佳。氯化銨之氮當量濃度於0.01-0.02N間菌絲生長最佳。除了tyrosine和cysteine不適合其生長外,其餘供測之氨基酸均可供生長,其中以天門冬精酸生長最佳。天門冬精酸在氮的當量濃度於0.0-0.2N之間隨著濃度增加生長漸佳。一般而言,氨基酸較無機氮為良好的氮源。9種維生素中以維生素B1(thiamine-HCl)有顯著促進生長效果,另外,纖維醇(inositol),維生素C(ascorbic cacid)和泛酸(pantothenic acid)有些濃度也有促進生長作用。 |
英文摘要 | Heterobasidion insulare was first observed on dead butt and root of Pinus luchuensis at Shihding, Taipei county in 1995. Later, it was commonly found on plantations of P. luchuensis in northern Taiwan. The white mycelial mat was found between the bark and wood of decayed butts and roots. Seedlings of 4 pine species, P. luchuensis, P. thunbergii, P. morrisonicola, and P. taiwanensis as well as Taiwania cryptomerioides, were inoculated with H. insulare grown on pine twig fragments or sawdust medium. After 7 wk, some of the inoculated seedings of P. luchuensis and P. thunbergii had died, and the fungus was reisolated from the diseased pines. The other 3 tree species remained healthy during the inoculation experiments. This is the first report of H. insulare in Taiwan. The mycelial growth occurred in a temperature range of from 12 to 32°C, and the optimum temperature was 24°C. The optimum pH for mycelium growth of the fungus was at 4.9-6.0, and the best pH was at 5.2. Pectin, glucose, galactose, and mannitol were good carbon sources for mycelial growth. Optimum concentrations of glucose for mycelial growth were at 40-80g/L, while increasing glucose concentrations inhibited growth, and it stopped at a concentration of 240 g/L. Ammonium chloride and calcium nitrate were the best inorganic nitrogen sources for mycelial growth. Most amino acids were favorable to mycelial growth, while tyrosine and cysteine were not favorable. The optimum nitrogen normalities of chloride for mycelial growth were at 0.01-0.02N, whereas mycelial growth was in proportion to the concentration of asparatic acid in the range of 0.0-0.2N of nitrogen. Thiamine-HCl one of the 9 vitamins tested, had the greatest enhancing effect on mycelial growth. Moreover, pantothenic acid, ascorbic acid, and inostiol also enhanced growth of mycelium. |
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