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題 名 | 道家與原始思維=The Daoist and the Primitive Mind |
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作 者 | 鄭振偉; | 書刊名 | 漢學研究 |
卷 期 | 19:2=39 2001.12[民90.12] |
頁 次 | 頁113-140 |
分類號 | 121.3 |
關鍵詞 | 道家; 原始思維; 主客關係; 不死; 循環時間; Daoism; Primitive mind; Subject-object relationship; Immortality; Cyclical time; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文以卡西爾、布留爾、李維史陀等人之理論說明原始思維的特點,並以朱光潛主客體關係之美學觀點為線索,討論道家思想中有關「遊」的觀念,即一種忘卻主體的行為,進而從精神自由與軀體限制,論述道家之生死觀。本文將「不死」的觀念,結合現代學界對原始宗教和神話思維的研究,嘗試推論道家所追求的不死,實質是原始人追求不死的遺留,而「尸解」則是原始思維對生命延續的一種獨特思考模式。至於原始思維對時間的感受,乃一種緣於季節變化的循環觀,在《老子》中至為明顯,故可視作原始思維的痕跡。《莊子》則進而以「變化」擺脫時間的束縛,在周而復始的時間中追求與天地同壽,達至無始無終的境界。從道家的圓型時間觀來看,筆者以為道家的思維,較儒家的思維更接近原始思維。 |
英文摘要 | This paper employs the theories of Ernst Cassirer, Lucien Levy-Bruhl, and Claude Levi-Strauss to examine the characteristics of the primitive mind. With the aesthetics of subject-object relationship put forward by Zhu Guangqian 朱光潛, the author discusses the concept of you 遊 (rambling), an activity that can transcend the existence of being, in the Daoist thought. The Daoist views of life and death are also discussed with reference to spiritual freedom and the mortal body. By relating the concept of immortality with modern studies on primitive religions and mythical thought, the author argues that the quest for immortality by the Daoists actually is identical to that of the primitive human beings. In addition, the idea of shijie 尸解 (the transformation of the body into a spirit) is a peculiar thought of life continuation in the primitive mind. The primitive mind in the book Laozi can also be manifested by the perception of cyclical time, originating from the progression of seasons. The book Zhuangzi 莊子 takes a further step by transcending the constraint of time with the idea of bianhua 變化 (change), seeking longevity comparable to that of the Earth and the Heaven in the reversal of time, so as to reach the Infinite. Judging from the existence of the cyclical time in Daoism, the author believes that the Daoist mind is closer to the primitive mind than that of the Confucians. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。