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題 名 | 法國地方制度之剖析--擺盪於中央集權制與地方分權制之間?=An Analysis of France's Local System: An Oscillation between Centralization and Decentralization? |
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作 者 | 徐正戎; | 書刊名 | 東吳法律學報 |
卷 期 | 13:1 2001.08[民90.08] |
頁 次 | 頁1-40 |
分類號 | 575.42 |
關鍵詞 | 地方制度; 地方自治; 地方自治團體; 中央集權制; 地方分權制; 地方雙軌制度; 行政雙軌制度; 法律保留原則; Local system; Local self-government; Local self-rule group; Centralization system; Decentralization system; Local dual-track system; Administrative dual-track system; Reservation of law; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 法國之地方制度,自法國大革命時期前便以中央集權制之面貌存在,並一直延續至今。之間,從第二次世界大戰後之「權力下放」政策,以及自八○年代初期公布一系列地方分權法規之事實,均未能完全祛除其地方制度仍然保有中央集權體制之精神,從而法國之地方制度就始終在中央集權制與地方分權制之間擺盪! 從邁向地方分權之角度來看,無論其三級地方自治團體之存在,以及其自治原則之確認,均有法制面之保障;就實務面而言,不管是對於地方自治法規之審查,抑或是針對地方稅收制度之改變,亦可查覺此一趨勢。 然而從另一角度觀察,在法國之地方制度中,中央集權制之鑿跡仍然處處可見。舉凡對於地方自治制度有「法律保留」原則之適用、行政雙軌制度之施行、中央政府或中央派駐地方機關對於地方之監護等等法理或措施,均明白地證明此點。 對於法國而言,地方制度走向分權制一途,不僅僅是行政效能與住民自決原則之選擇問題,更是攸關法國國勢興衰之關鍵! |
英文摘要 | France's local system has been one of centralization since the French Revolution.Although a policy of decentralization has been carried out after the World War II and a series of laws for decentralization were proclaimed in the early 1980s, a spirit of centralization remains alive in France. France's local system has always oscil1ated between centralization and decentralization. On the one hand, both the existence of three-lever government and the principle of self-rule are protected by laws in the process toward decentralization. This trend of decentralization can be found from a review of the self-rule laws of local government and the changes on local tax system. On the other hand, the spirit of centralization is still everywhere in France's local system. This can be seen from the adoption of the principle of "reservation of law" in local self-rule system, the implementation of administrative dual-track system, and the measures to supervise the local government by the central government. To France, the move toward decentralization is not only a choice for administrative efficiency and the principle of self-determination by the residents but also a key to France national strength. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。