頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 試探曾國藩以禮經世之思想=Exploring Tzeng Kuo-Fan's Philosophy of "Governing Through Propriety" |
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作 者 | 楊淑華; | 書刊名 | 臺中師院學報 |
卷 期 | 12 1998.06[民87.06] |
頁 次 | 頁283-302 |
分類號 | 127.73 |
關鍵詞 | 曾國藩; 以禮經世; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 近代學者研究曾國藩,每詳論其經世之事功,並剖析其重禮之學術思想,卻多分 別而觀之。今由曾氏之時代風尚、成學歷程與治學風格諸方面觀察,則知其青年時期即以「 經世」為志,沉寖理學後,尤以克己復禮、篤行實踐為務。故一旦發為「以禮經世」之呼籲 ,則汲汲由本身確切實行,既無意於建構新理論,亦絕不空口倡議。核之於文官,則須以禮 修身治人,以導正風俗教化為己任;施之於軍職,則須師出合體、以禮帶兵。因之,今日吾 人雖嘗試由書信、篇牘中聯綴其「以禮經世」之論述條理及思想根源,仍惟恐失於偏狹、缺 漏。及因其論理多承自孔孟、程朱之先賢先儒所述,於修己治人、誠意正心之功夫懇切實踐 ,並無進一步之推闡。惟其切於實務,將「禮」之義涵擴大至一切治術庶務,遂使其「以禮 經世」說有其勵精圖強之時代意義。同時,配合曾國藩先生一生對學問之�睄搯l求,及其兼 重四科之主張,則知曾氏所標榜、踐履之「士大夫之學」,具有「切於世用、力學不輟」之 精神,是種知困而力學之「在職進修」。因此其以「禮」為首要內容,以兼重經濟、義理、 考證、詞章四者為治學之「術」,由此而開展其「以禮經世」之方略。 |
英文摘要 | Every time modern research on Tzeng Kuo-fan discusses his government achievements and dissects his philosophical stance of emphasizing propriety, the two aspects are commonly seen as separate. It can be known from an inspection of the prevailing customs of his time, his educational background, and his approach to study that he held the ambition of "managing government affairs" during his youth, and took overcoming his selfishness with propriety and maintaining honest behavior as his mission after coming to an understanding of the Confucian philosophy of Li Hsueh. Therefore, as soon as he made his appeal for "government through propriety," Tzeng Kuo-fan strove to personally practice what he advocated. He intended neither to construct new theory nor to preach without practicing. Testing his ideas as a civil official, he used propriety to cultivate himself and govern others as he undertook to improve public morals and behavior. Applying his ideas during his military career, he attempted to use proptiety to lead soldiers and make war. As a consequence, although we have tried to elaborate on the philosophical roots and rhetorical organization of Tzeng Kuo-fan's "governing through propriety" in many articles and letters, I and afraid that these efforts have been too incomplete and narrowly-focussed. And because much of the logic derives from Confucius, Mencius, and the classical Confucian thinkers Chu Hsi, Cheng Ho, and Cheng Yi, there has not been enough in-depth explanation of the sincere practice of self cultivation, government of others, and rectification of one's mind. However, Tzeng Kuo-fan's emphasis on practicality extended the scope of "propriety" to include all of the techniques and aspects of governing, which thereby imbued the concept of "governing through propriety" with epochal significance as regards the strengthning of the nation. At the same time, Tzeng Kuo-fan's pursuit of scholarship throughout his lifetime and his advocacy of balanced attention to the four branches of knowledge show us that what he stood for and practiced was the "learning of a gentleman". His spirit of "applicability to the real world and diligent attention to study" consists of planting the seeds of knowledge and studying hard in a sort of "in-service advanced education". therefore Tzeng Kuo-fan took "propriety" as foremost and employed economics, reason, textual criticism, and rhetoric as the four "techniques" of study. This is how he constructed his general approach of "governing through propriety". |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。