頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 民族自決與獨立--以東帝汶獨立運動為例=National Self-determination and Independence: A Case Study of East Timor Independent Movement |
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作 者 | 唐玉禮; | 書刊名 | 中山人文社會科學期刊 |
卷 期 | 9:1=20 2001.06[民90.06] |
頁 次 | 頁159-202 |
分類號 | 571.11 |
關鍵詞 | 民族自決; 東帝汶; 民族獨立運動; 去殖民化; National self-determination; East Timor; National independent movement; Decolonization; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 「民族自決」的觀念與思潮,自18世紀末流行於歐洲,歷經 19世紀到20世紀歐洲社會的試煉,面臨國家疆界與民族生活區域 界限的嚴重落差之下,民族這個文化屬性的團體當然不敵憑藉武力 建立的國家疆界所帶來的實質利益。因此,民族自決的理論在實踐 上產生了歧異與雙重標準,結果如何,完全取決於國際社會強國的 態度。 這樣一個歐洲社會發展下的產物,隨著歐洲帝國向外殖民而輸 入亞非地區,並為亞非地區人民學習,用來推翻歐洲帝國殖民主 義,形成二次大戰之後亞非地區去殖民化風潮。但這樣一個風潮並 未造就每一個殖民地都順利成為像西方世界一般內涵的國家,像位 於印尼小巽他群島(Sunda Islands)中的帝汶島(Timor Island)東 半部的東帝汶就沒如此幸運,在她的旁邊是世界上最大島群國家一 印尼,趁著葡萄牙--東帝汶的殖民宗主國於1974年發生四月革命之 後,未及完成東帝汶的自決獨立,反而打著反共產主義大纛,藉口 其組成國家的社會經濟要件不足及背後巨大的石油利益,趁東帝汶 內部意見不一之際和在西方集團的默許之下,於1975年12月7日 派軍入侵東帝汶,次年予以兼併成為第27省,進行軍事統治,並欲 「印尼化」東帝汶。然印尼不但沒能「印尼化」東帝汶,反而激發 出東帝汶人民的民族情感,形成一股強烈的民族主義運動,前仆後 繼,不斷向全世界宣示國際正義公理的雙重標準與國際社會的弱肉 強食。而吾人一直強調的冷戰因素並未因冷戰結束而帶給東帝汶契 機,還需配合印尼政權更迭之後,國際社會才恢復了正義感,東帝 汶自決而獨立的果實才來到。 |
英文摘要 | Is national self-determination a principle or a right or just a theory ﹖ It is a question of human history and the international politics of pragmatism. This paper is dealt first with the theory of national self- determination in historical context, and second with case study of East Timor. Being a Portuguese colony since sixteen century for the past four hundred years and annexed by Indonesia from December 1975 to August 1999, East Timor nationalist's movement is a quest for the right of national self-determination to pursue freely political independence. So it is not a separatist movement from Indonesia. But during the Cold War with the Western Powers feigning ignorance of the Indonesian invasion, East Timor had no any practical support to achieve her independent goal. Furthermore there is no consensus among scholars and governments on the relationship between the right of self-determination and the principle of territorial integrity. Which is the priority ﹖ Besides the U.S.A. officials tried to influence international opinion to consider East Timor as a bilateral issue between Indonesia and Portugal rather than as a case of decolonization, without outside interference. Although the UN had passed some resolutions to reaffirm East Timor's right to self-determination and to condemn the invasion of the armed force of Indonesia and to call upon the Government of Indonesia to withdraw without delay from East Timor. Till 1990's in the post-Cold War world, East Timor's people was still fighting for her `inalienable' right of self-determination. And they did it finally to complete totally independence at the end of twenty century. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。