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題 名 | 試論東西魏沙苑之役及其影響=A Research into Sha Yuann Battle between Dong-wei and Shi-wei and Its Influence |
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作 者 | 呂春盛; | 書刊名 | 臺南師院學報 |
卷 期 | 34 2001.06[民90.06] |
頁 次 | 頁267-288 |
分類號 | 623.6 |
關鍵詞 | 東魏; 西魏; 高歡; 宇文泰; 沙苑之役; Dong-wei; Shi-wei; Gau Huan; Yu Wen Tai; Sha Yuann Battle; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 魏晉南北朝時代有所謂的前三國與後三國,前三國是指三世紀初魏、吳、蜀 約三國鼎立,後三國是指六世紀中葉的東魏、西魏、梁的三國鼎立,後來轉變為北齊、北周 、陳約三國鼎立。決定前三國鼎立的關鍵性戰役是西元208年的赤壁之戰,而決定後三國鼎 立的關鍵性戰役是西元537年的沙苑之役。學界對於赤壁之戰已有很多的研究,但很少看到 有關於沙苑之役的研究。本文即是對沙苑之役發生的背景、經過、雙方成敗原因以及對後來 歷史發展的影響,做一考察,以補學界研究上的不足。 北魏末年六鎮之亂後,北魏分裂為東魏與西魏,東魏在各方面皆佔絕大的優勢,隨時準 備併滅西魏,西魏岌岌可危,殊死保衛關隴一隅之地。西元537年10月,東魏丞相高歡率領 二十萬大軍西侵關中,與西魏丞相宇文泰所率領不滿一萬的守軍在沙苑交戰,由於高歡恃眾 而驕,內部不協,宇文泰善用地形地物的掩護,並能精誠團結一致對外,結果西魏以寡擊眾 ,大敗東魏軍隊,東魏損失精銳甲士八萬人,高歡倉惶敗逃,宇文泰乘勝追擊,收取河南、 河東大片的土地,把前線推到關中之外,此後東西魏雖仍有數次大規模的戰役,但基本上都 在關中之外,未威脅到西魏的根本,在性質上只不過是邊境要塞之爭奪。因此沙苑之役可說 是西魏生死存亡的關鍵性戰役,其結果確定了東西魏的對峙局面,同時也促成了後三國的鼎 立形勢。 |
英文摘要 | The Wei Chi Nan Pei times consists of what we call "the former three states" and "the latter states." Generally speaking, "the former three states" indicates the situation dominated by three conflicting powers—Wei, Wu and Shuu—in balance in the early 3rd century. While "the latter three states" indicates the triangular balance of power among Dong-wei, Shi-wei and Liang in the middle 6th century, transformed into a state of opposition among three conflicting powers, Pei-chi, Pei-chou and Chen. Chyh Bih battle, a decisive battle, happening in 208 A.D., resulted in the triangular balance of power among "the former three states." While Sha Yuann battle resulted in the triangular balance of power among "the latter three states," while Sha Yuann battle resulted in the triangular balance of power among "the latter three states." Even if there states," while Sha Yuann battle resulted in the triangular balance of power among "the latter three states." Even if there have already been a flood of researches done into Chyh Bih battle in the history field. However, it is quite a pity that seldom can we get enough written documents about Sha Yuann battle between Dong-wei and Shi-wei. To make up for the insufficient researches for getting better understanding about Sha Yuann battle. In other words, it is to give much more background on the battle as well as does more researches into the process and causes for the final outcome; that is, why Shi-wei defeated Dong-wei. Furthermore, it will probe about what influence the battle has on the later history development as well. After Liow Jenn riot in the late Pei-wei in many aspects, eager and set to annex and exterminate Shi-wei at any time, whereas Shi-wei, though in great danger, to protect its only territory "Kuan Lung", had no option but to put lots of efforts to defend itself against Dong-wei. In September 537A.D., Gau Huan, the premier of Dong-wei, invaded in a westerly direction with a large army of about two hundred thousand soldiers, warring fiercely and violently with the defendant army of Shi-wei, less than ten thousand, leaded by Yu Wen Tai, the premier of Shi-wei, in Sha Yuann. On the one hand, Gau Huan took great pride in the huge armed forces; and even worse, some rival factions like Han people and Hwu people within the state were at odds with each other then. On the other hand, by taking good advantage of geography to shelter from the enemy fire and uniting the domestic competing factions into a cohesive whole to fight against Dong-wei together In the very long run, Shi-wei fought against heavy odds, defeating Dong-wei with much less army. Dong-wei lost eighty thousand well-trained soldiers and its premier Gau Huan fled in a rush. Then Yu Wen Tai took the opportunity to chase after the Dong-wei army, securing lots of territory, inclusive of the south and the east of the Yellow River, and also expanding the front line beyond Kuan Jong. Afterwards, even though there were a couple of large-scale battles between Dong-wei and Shi-wei, happening outside of Kuan Jong basically. Those battles were at most border incidents of fortress warfares and wouldn't threaten to ruin Shi-wei in the least. For one thing, Sha Yuann battle, a significant battle, really concerned whether Shi-wei could continue to exist or not. For another, the battling outcome not only resulted in the irreconcilable situation marked by open opposition between Dong-wei and Shi-wei, but in the meantime accelerated the state of the latter three conflicting powers standing opposite to one another in balance later on. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。