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頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 「二十世紀」梨及其後代與中國梨的育種=Influences of "Twentieth Century" Pear and Its Progenies on Pear Breeding in China |
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作 者 | 沈德緒; 方建平; | 書刊名 | 科學農業 |
卷 期 | 49:5/6 民90.06 |
頁 次 | 頁117-121 |
分類號 | 435.312 |
關鍵詞 | 中國梨; 日本梨; 二十世紀梨; 雜交育種; Chinese pear; Japanese pear; Twentieth century pear; Cross breeding; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 中國起源的梨屬植物的一些“種”,包括砂梨、白梨、秋子梨和新疆梨的一些栽培品種總稱為東方梨或中國梨,在我國有悠久的栽培歷史,形成了許多優良的地方品種。二十世紀初期引入了一些日本梨品種栽培,中國梨和日本梨各有優缺點,為了結合兩者的優點,我國從50年代起一些大學和果樹研究單位,開展了梨的雜交育種,於1974年育成了“黃花“梨(照片1)和”翠伏“梨等。70年代起,浙江農業大學與其他一些研究單位,選用了不同種和不同生態型的中國梨和日本梨品種間雜交,獲得了不少優良的新品種和優系,如”西子綠(照片2)、“新杭”、“早美酥”和“黃冠”等。研究表明,日本梨品種“二十世紀”及其後代品種,具有優良特性的遺傳背景,是良好的雜交用親本,用它與我國的優良品種雜交是一個獲得具有雙親優良特性新品種的重要途徑,對推動我國梨品種改良產生良好的作用。 |
英文摘要 | Pyrus spp. Originated in China, including cultivars that belongs to Pyrus pyrifolia, P. bretschneideri, P. ussuriensis, P. sinkiangensis, as a whole are called Asian pear or Chinese pear. Growing of pear has a quite long history in China and has produced many excellent local cultivars. In the early 20th century, a number of Japanese pear cultivars were introduced into some regions of China. Both Chinese pear and Japanese pear have their own strong and week points. To combine the valuable qualities of both ecotypes, from about 1950's on, cross breeding between them was undertaken in a planned way in this country. As a result, the famous "Huanghua" Pear and "Cuifu" Pear came into being in 1974. Beginning in 1970's, researches carried out in the Zhejiang Agricultural University and some fruit research institutes, through proper combinations of cultivars of different species and ecotypes in their crossing projects and succeeding meticulous selection, gave rise to quite a number of prospective new cultivars and strains. They are essentially progenies of nybrids from crossing between Chinese and Japanese pears. "Xizilu", "Xinnang", "Zhaomeisu" and "Huangguan" are the most prominent ones among them. Studies indicated that the Japanese pear cultivar "Twentietn Century", and its progenies as well, has excellent genetic background and is, thus, qualified to be chosen as a valuable partner for crossing with Chinese pear in breeding. Hybridization involving the utilization of the beneficial characteristics of the "Twentieth Century" and its progenies are considered as a very prospective approach toward improving Chinese pear. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。