頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 化學性職業疾病﹣﹣職業性肺病 |
---|---|
作 者 | 劉紹興; | 書刊名 | 醫學研究 |
卷 期 | 12:6 1992.05[民81.05] |
頁 次 | 頁376-391 |
分類號 | 412.531、412.531 |
關鍵詞 | 化學性; 肺病; 疾病; 職業; 職業性; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 在邁向工業化的過程中,可能導致勞工因過量暴露於多種毒性物質而得到職業疾病。臺灣過去曾發現多種職業病,但潛伏的職業病在未來可能相繼的出現。本文回顧五十年來在臺灣已報告的職業病,藉以提醒醫師們留意職業病的存在,共同努力預防之。廢塵症是最古老的職業病,在臺灣有礦工塵肺症、矽肺症、石棉塵肺症的報告。但尚無滑石引起的塵肺症的病例報告。石棉塵肺症的潛伏期較長,目前被發現的病例僅有一例,可能將來會有更多病例被發現,這是值得注意的。除了塵肺症外,臺灣亦有二異氰酸甲苯(TDI)和二異氰酸甲烷二苯(MDI)引起職業性氣喘和棉塵症的病例,但其他的職業性過敏原尚未被發現。職業性過敏性肺泡炎尚無病例報告,可能是被忽略了。有害氣體則有一氧化碳,氨氣、氯氣和硫化氫等中毒的病例報告,另外尚有汞蒸汽和碳氫化合物吸入造成的肺炎和巴拉刈中毒造成間質性纖維化的報告。除此之外,粉塵和有害氣體可能造成工業性氣管炎,職業流行病學研究顯示會導致勞工的呼吸道症狀增加和肺功能的傷害。至於職業性肺癌,除了二個流行病學研究發現職業與肺癌有關外,亦無真正的病例報告。由以上發現可知,目前所報告的職業性肺病可能祇是冰山之一角,低估的情形可能非常嚴重。職業病的防治尚有賴全體醫師共同合作,記得診治病人時別忘了詢問職業史。 |
英文摘要 | In the process of industrialization, a variety of industries accompanied by many toxic substances were imported into Taiwan. The presence of toxic substances in the working environment may lead to occupational-related illnesses. We lack accurate measures of occupation-related morbidity or mortality in Taiwan. More and more cases of occupational diseases will be found in the future when the scientific community and the public have become increasingly aware of and concerned about the presence of toxic substances in the workplace. The objective of this article is to review and collect the occupational lung diseases reported in Taiwan in order to provide information involved in recognizing and evaluating the development of occupational medicine. Pneumoconiosis is the oldest and well-known occupational lung diseases. Epidemiological surveys of coal-miners and silica-exposed workers have revealed large number of coal workers’ pneumoconiosis and silicosis. Two epidemiological studies showed that asbestos exposure was related to development of lung cancer. In addition to pneumoconiosis, cases of toluene diisocyanate and diphenylmethane diisocyanate-induced asthma were found in plastics manufacturing workers and byssinosis were found in quilt makers and cotton textile workers. Occupation related hypersensitivity pneumonitis has never been reported, the reason may be due to ignorance. Intoxication caused by leakage of gas or vapor from industrial settings has been occurred accidentally for many times in Taiwan. The reported causing agents include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ammonia and chlorine. Some of these are fatal accidents. Sporadic cases of chemical intoxications were also reported, the causing agents includes hydrogen sulfide, hydrocarbons, mercury vapor and paraquat herbicide. Some epidemiological studies also show that exposure to dusts and toxic gases increased the prevalence of non-specific respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function defects. Except for pneumoconioses, few occupational lung disease was reported in Taiwan. The number of occupational lung diseases may be seriously underestimated. The identification of work-related medical problems depends importantly on the occupational history. One should bear in mind that a few minutes of questioning about occupational history will often reveal a large number of occupational illnesses. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。