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題名 | 馬拉巴栗植體去葉機之研製=Development of the Deleafing Machine for Pachira Macrocarpa Plants |
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作者 | 王明茂; Wang, M. M.; |
期刊 | 高雄區農業改良場研究彙報 |
出版日期 | 20001200 |
卷期 | 12:1 2000.12[民89.12] |
頁次 | 頁26-37 |
分類號 | 435.4 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 馬拉巴栗; 田間機械; 去葉機; Pachira macrocarpa; Deleafing machine; |
中文摘要 | 馬拉巴栗是台灣重要外銷觀賞植株,每年能賺取鉅額外匯。在商品處理時必需將植株從田間拔起,經人工徒手去葉後,再把3或5支莖幹編成髮辮型,致作業耗工又辛苦,為解決此困境,爰研究馬拉巴栗田間去葉時之植株性狀及田間條件,並規劃設計適用之去葉機具進行試驗。利用去葉圓筒安裝彈簧齒,並控制去葉筒迴轉數在250rpm時兼具較高去葉率與較低傷損率,但本去葉方式會造成心葉之折斷與樹幹被打傷乃為最大缺失。以鐵材研磨成銳利釣鉤型之缺口,能將子葉或葉柄予以鉤斷,但被鉤斷之子葉或葉柄仍會塞住於缺口上,影響下批次之去葉效果。參採男性使用安全刮鬍刀之作用方式,設計乙組莖幹隔離裝置,使作業中可保護莖幹及生長點,免於受外力之傷害,僅葉片或葉柄露出供切刀予以切除,顯示此切割式之去葉傷損率為最低,爰將其安裝在工作母機上進行田間測試,結果對心葉及莖幹之傷損率約在8%以內,但一次作業之去葉率僅50%左右。今後宜加強改良提高去葉率與使操作更輕便,乃為繼續研究之重點工作。 |
英文摘要 | Pachira Macrocarpa seedlings, one of important ornamental plants for exportation, earn a huge amount of foreign exchange income for Taiwan yearly. The commercial outgoing seedlings are prepared by pulling the plants from fields, removing the leaves by hands, and plaiting three or five stems in long pigtails separately. The manual operation is labor-intensive and time-consuming due to the lack of available handling machines. The objectives of this study were to 1) investigate characteristics and field conditions of Pachira Macrocarpa plants at the deleafing period and 2) develop a prototype deleafing machine for experimental purposes. By mounting spring rods on a rotating tube, the knock-type deleafing mechanism operated at a rotating speed of 250 rpm had both better deleafing effect and less damage than another two rotating speeds. However, the inevitable bud breaks and stem damage resulted from using this deleafing mechanism were undesirable drawbacks. Flat iron slabs with sharp breaches in a hook shape were also tested for cutting leaves. Nevertheless, the cut leaves and stalks would block up the breaches, thus deteriorating the deleafing effect for next batch operation. By referring to the function of a safe razor, stem-isolating bars of the cutter-type deleafing mechanism were used to protect the stems and buds from damage and only the leaves and stalks were cut. With the lowest damage percentage, the cutter-type deleafing mechanism was then chosen and installed in a prototype deleafing machine for field investigation. Results showed that the damage to the buds by using the deleafing machine was less than 8% with a deleafing percentage of only about 50% for one pass operation. Future work of this study should be addressed on further modification to improve the deleafing percentage and operating convenience of the prototype deleafing machine. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。