頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 有機肥料對小白菜生長及氮素組成的影響=Effect of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth and Nitrogen Composition of Chinese Cabbage |
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作者 | 王斐能; | 書刊名 | 桃園區農業改良場研究彙報 |
卷期 | 40 2000.03[民89.03] |
頁次 | 頁24-34 |
分類號 | 435.232 |
關鍵詞 | 有機肥料; 白菜; 硝酸鹽; 氮素組成; Organic fertilizers; Chinese cabbage; Nitrate; Nitrogen composition; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究在探討施用有機質肥料對小白菜生長及氮素組成的影響。盆栽試驗採用四種有機質肥料、化學肥料(尿素、過磷酸鈣、氧化鉀)及化學肥加石灰,共六種處理,十重複。結果顯示,產量以太空包堆肥處理最高,豬糞堆肥處理次之,僅施化學肥料的對照組產量最低,石灰及有機質肥料的添加有助於提高產量。化學肥料、豌豆穀殼堆肥、牛糞蔗渣堆肥三種處理小白菜生長受到顯著阻礙。土壤氮素組成方面:有效性氮素組成隨添加堆肥種類而異。收穫後牛糞蔗渣堆肥處理之土壤中硝酸態氮高達98mg/kg,而豬糞堆肥處理僅4mg/kg。豌豆穀殼堆肥處理土壤中的銨態氮高達211mg/kg,其餘處理則介於15-70m/kg之間。各處理植體中醯胺態氮的濃度均甚低,不溶性氮以豬糞堆肥處理最低而豌豆穀殼堆肥處理最高,硝酸態氮及總氮均以豬糞堆肥處理最低。豬糞堆肥處理之不溶性氮佔總氮的93%,再依序為,石灰處理84%,豌豆穀殼堆肥處理77%,太空包堆肥處理56%和牛糞煎渣堆肥處理53%。各處理總氮濃度由高至低依序為,牛糞蔗渣堆肥、太空包堆肥、豌豆穀殼堆肥、化學肥料加石灰與豬糞堆肥。植體中硝酸鹽含量與土壤有效性氮素的總量及銨態氮和硝酸態氮比例有關。 |
英文摘要 | A greenhouse experiment was conducted to compare the effectiveness on Chinese cabbage with chemical fertilizer, chemical fertilizer with lime, and four kinds of composts. The results indicate that the soil properties were markedly affected by organic fertilizer applications. The concentration ofNH4-N in pea and rice hull compost treated soil was the highest of all plots, which was 211 mg/kg. The N03-N concentrations of bagasse and swine slurry compost treated plots were 98 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg respectively. The shoot yield of Chinese cabbage in the mushroom medium compost treated plot was the highest (8.0 g/plant), that of the swine slurry compost treated plot ranked the second (6.4 g/plant), and chemical fertilizer was the lowest (1.0g/plant). The growth of Chinese cabbage was significantly retarded in the chemical fertilizer, pea and rice hull and bagasse treatments. The leaves of the above-mentioned three treatments showed marginally necrotic, chlorotic and seriously distorted. The N03-N concentrations of the newly matured leaves of the swine slurry compost treated plot was as low as 0.01 mg/g, however, the bagasse and mushroom medium composts treated plots were 6.9 mg/kg and 5.4 mg/kg, respectively. The insoluble nitrogen concentration of swine slurry composts treated plots was the lowest and these of pea and rice hull compost treated plot was the highest of all. The proportion of insoluble nitrogen to the total nitrogen occurred in the following orders: swine slurry treated (95 %), chemical fertilizer with lime treated (84 %),pea and rice hull treated (77%),mushroom medium treated (56 %),and bagasse treated (53 %). However, the total nitrogen concentration decreased in the following order: bagasse treated, mushroom medium treated, pea and rice hull treated, chmical fertilizer with lime treated, and swine slurry treated. Soil available total nitrogen and the ratio ofNH4-N to N03-N influenced the nitrate amounts in Chinese cabbage plants. |
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