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題 名 | 社會階級的意義與要素及其在教育研究的運用性與原則=Meanings and Key Elements of Social Class and Their Applications and Principles on Educational Research |
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作 者 | 姜添輝; | 書刊名 | 國民教育研究集刊. 臺南師院 |
卷 期 | 6 2000.06[民89.06] |
頁 次 | 頁115-148 |
分類號 | 520.1354 |
關鍵詞 | 社會階級; 教育研究; 教育社會學; Class; Capitalist; Labour; Petty bourgeoisie; Middle class; Upper class; Working class; Political relation; Ideological relation; Domination; Power; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 社會階級一直是社會學與教育社會學的一個核心概念,它作為探討存於 人類活動與社會結構中的衝突性。儘管社會階級的概念自馬克思時代起便受到廣 泛的重視並運用於研究上,然而此一概念卻存有相當程度的爭議性,主要的原因 在於歷經一段時期的社會發展後,社會階級的屬性與特質已產生相當的變化。此 種情況引發一些研究者試圖修正馬克思以生產關係來區分社會階級的觀點,並發 展出新的社會階級概念,Mosca,Dahrendorf與Poulantzas等人洞悉到生產技術精進 與政治體系變革後,造就一批為數可觀且握有相當影響力的中產階級,由於這批 新興階級明顯異於一般的勞動階級,所以不應再視同勞動階級的一部份。 從這些人的理論可推論出社會階級的一組要素,包括政治、勞動力結構、職務、 教育與訓練、收入與聲望、物質享受與生活型態、價值觀。這些要素可進而作為 相關研究的依據,但是所應注意到的是,社會階級本身包含著不得不化約的問 題,所以進行教育研究時應更為慎重,另外亦建議一些應注重的大原則,如整體 性、個別性、互動性、真實性、文化情境性。 |
英文摘要 | Social class has been viewed as a key issue in the fields of sociology andsociology of education. Nevertheless, it still remains as a controversial concept.Class has commenced its extensive influence on sociological research since K.Marx who employed productive relationship to distinguish capital and labourgroups. Although his class concept is recognized as a framework in doing theanalysis of conflicts among people activities and within social structure, manysociologists have argued that class structure changes considerably. Key classtheorists, such as G. Mosca, R. Dahrendorf and N. Poulantzas, brushed apicture that the nature and characteristics of class were now narrated as fardifferent from that in the period of capitalism. They commonly argued that thedevelopment of productive technology and political system has produced aprofound influence on class structure. According their arguments, the numberand influence of managers and technicians had expanded greatly so that theycould not be regarded as margin class but middle class, splitting out fromworking class. Their theories also suggest that class embodies a set of keyelements, including politics, labour structure, position, education/training,income/status, material standard/life and value. This set of key elements could be viewed as a practicable framework forcarrying out relevant studies. However, the central argument of this article alsobewares some constraints of class which are driven from the risk ofreductionism. Furthermore, some key principles of doing educational studieswhich are involved with the notion of class are also provided, such as totality,individual, interaction, reality and cultural context. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。