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題 名 | 美國大學通識教育近年的變革:參考與借鏡=The Recent Reform of General Education of University in USA: Lessons for Taiwan |
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作 者 | 鄧志松; | 書刊名 | 社會文化學報 |
卷 期 | 11 2000.12[民89.12] |
頁 次 | 頁141-167 |
分類號 | 525.4 |
關鍵詞 | 核心課程; 通識教育; 博雅教育; 基本能力; 大學; 課程改革; Core curriculum; General education; Liberal art; Basic skills; University; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文旨在探討美國大學(學院)通識教育自一九八○年代以來的變革。七○年代末期開始,美國掀起一股檢討高等教育的熱潮。大學核心課程首當其衝,批評者認為其課程目標模糊,悖離通識教育原旨,教學品質不良;因此,重振通識教育乃成為課程改革的重點。各校重新檢討核心課程的目標、內容與教學方式。主要變革趨勢有強調基本能力(basic skills)、著重方法(methods)甚於主題(subjects)、科際整合、多元文化、全球的觀點,以及教學方法的翻新。以往自由選修的課程設計,逐漸為結構化、強調整合的課程所取代。二○年代以來極為普遍的「經典」(Great Books)閱讀也引起廣泛的論辯。這些變化與論爭有的是延續六○年代以來課程自由化、多元化趨勢;有的則是傳統通識教育的重新詮釋,大學通識教育再度成為輿論關心的焦點,則是不爭的事實。值得注意的是,美國大學種類繁多,各校差異頗大,所謂的改革趨勢,並非眾志一同。然而,從這些改變與論爭當中,仍有不少值得我國借鏡之處。 |
英文摘要 | This article aims to examine the recent curriculum reforms of universities in USA. Since the late 1970s, American has increasingly concerned with the quality of their higher education. Affected by some influential researches, people believe that the decline of general education must take responsibility. Consequently, the reform of core curriculum has been seriously taken into considerations in most universities. The current trends of the reform include emphasizing "basic skills" rather than "subjects", methods rather than facts, and focus on the ability of critical thinking, problem solving, moral reasoning, expression and communication, etc. The courses are designed more coherent, and the opportunity of students to select is limited in order to correct the problem of fragmentation and incoherent. Multi-culturalism, global aspects, interdisciplinary studies are among the priorities. Traditional Great Books reading is improved by incorporating various sources and different interpreting aspects. Same as the United States, universities in Taiwan have recently been undergoing curriculum reforms; it is worth paying more attention to the reform experiences of USA. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。