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題 名 | 落花生種間雜交停滯伸長子房柄之胚珠發育=The Ovule Development of Elongation-ceased Pegs in Interspecific Crosses of Arachis Hypogaea with Wild Species |
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作 者 | 胡澤寬; 柯金存; 莊淑貞; | 書刊名 | 農林學報 |
卷 期 | 49:3 2000.09[民89.09] |
頁 次 | 頁39-51 |
分類號 | 434.255 |
關鍵詞 | 落花生; 種間雜交; 子房柄敗育; 胚及胚乳發育; Peanut; Interspecific hybridization; Embryo and endosperm development; Peg abortion; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 使用六個野生種與三個栽培種花生進行雜交,觀察停滯伸長子房柄的胚與胚乳發育,以探討種間雜交子房柄早期敗育之原因,作為建立其拯救方法之參考。 種間雜交子房於授粉後10天有大量萎凋的現象。子房柄膨大率在雜交組合間殺一顯著差異,以Valencia型之VA196為母本之雜交組合的子房膨大率高於其他兩型母本之雜交組合。雜交授粉後10天,僅A. villosa為父本與VB104及VA196雜交時可獲得伸長子房柄,其他雜交組合之之房炳均呈停滯伸長的狀態。 由母本自交胚珠之解剖觀察結果顯示,胚與胚乳之發育程度在品種間有差異存在,VA196於授粉後之各個胚形成階段均有較大型的前胚。就種間雜交胚珠而言,VA196為母本的雜交組合也有發育較好之前胚,可知雜交胚的生長發育受母本基因型的影響。 由於種間雜交胚囊的極核細胞多停留在融合核期或僅呈初期分裂狀態,推測種間雜交子房柄於伸長期間的停止生長可能與極核的延遲或停止分裂所導致之胚乳敗育有密切關係。建議可嘗試噴施植物生長調節劑及子房柄體外培養加以拯救。 |
英文摘要 | The embryo and endosperm development of elongation-ceased pegs in crosses between three cultivars and six wild Arachis species were observed to clarify aborted causes of young pegs and to suggest rescued techniques. A large number of wilted ovaries were obtained at 10 day after hybridization. The enlarging rate of ovary had significant difference among crosses, and the crosses using VA196(Valencia type) as female had higher enlarging rate than the crosses used other females. The elongate peg was only produced in the crosses of VB104 x 4. villosa and VA196 x A. villosa, but pegs in all other crosses had ceased elongation at 10 day after hybridization. Anatomical observations in the self-pollinated ovules of females show that the developmental degree of embryo and endosperm had varietal difference. The female, VA196, has produced larger proembryo during every stages of embryogenesis. For the interspecific crosses, the ovule in the crosses between VA196 and wild species also had produced the well-developmental proembryo. The combined results suggested that a maternal genetic effect exists to control embryo development. In most of interspecific crosses, fused polar nuclei and less-division endosperm could commonly be observed in the ovule of elongation-ceased pegs. These results suggested that pegs cease growth during elongation stage may be associated with delayed or ceased division of polar nuclei which caused endosperm abortion. Application of plant growth regulators at pollination and in vitro cultures of peg tips or embryo to rescue hybrid embryo might be a valuable research direction. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。