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題名 | 杜充、沈該與宋高宗--兼論宋高宗的用人與施政=Tu Chung、Shen Kai and Sung Kao-tsung--Discussion of Sung Kao-tsung's Attitude Toward Choosing Political Roles and Political Policy |
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作者 | 王明; Wang, Ming; |
期刊 | 實踐學報 |
出版日期 | 20000600 |
卷期 | 31 2000.06[民89.06] |
頁次 | 頁249-294 |
分類號 | 625.2 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 杜充; 沈該; 宋高宗; 用人; 施政; |
中文摘要 | 本文旨在探討南宋高宗時期所任用的兩位宰相-杜充與沈該,他們的生平事蹟並與 高宗及時局之間的關係,從而了解高宗的用人與施政。 杜充和沈該時分別是高宗在位前期與晚期的宰相。兩人頗多類似之處,諸如:都無甚才 具,宰相任內皆無所建樹,然皆獲得高宗的重用,兩人的評價都極。也有許多相異的地方, 如:杜充生性殘暴,防淮期間日肆誅殺,得不到部屬的信賴。沈該頗有些生意眼光與頭腦, 但貪財好貨,在任職四川期間,利用職務買賤賣貴,與民爭利,聲名狼藉。但高宗完全不顧 客觀事實,仍加重用。杜充拜相之後,受命至健康坐鎮指揮江北十幾萬大軍,而他本非將才, 復極膽怯,躲在城內延誤軍機,最後健康失陷,他本人退守真州,而以降金為結局。沈該拜 相三年有餘,無所作為,只知逢迎阿諛,贏得高宗信任,在群臣交章彈劾一片達伐聲中,遭 到免職。 宋高宗身為中興之主,面對動盪時局,必須具備遠大的眼光,超卓的才智,大氣魄,大 格局,方能掃除障礙,突破限制,樹立恢宏的建國規模與嶄新的開國氣象。可惜就如同宋史 高宗本紀所論「以之繼體守文則有餘,以之撥亂反正則非其才也」。論其施政或有可觀,觀其 用人則清濁並進,杜充、沈該就是兩個例子。為鞏固他的政權,可以「偷安忍恥,匿怨忘親」, 所以落得偏安之局。如此史實,足為今日當政者之戒! |
英文摘要 | The subjects of this paper are two prime ministers, Tu Chung and Shen Kai, appointed during the reign of the emperor Kao-Tsung in the Nan Sung Dynasty. This paper looks at their life and achievements, and their relationships with Kao-Tsung and their times so as to understand the philosophy of Kao-Tsung's use of talents and administrative expertise. Tu Chung and Shen Kai were the two prime ministers appointed by Kao-Tsung during the early and later stages, respectively, of the emperor's rule. These two men shared many similarities. For example, they could hardly be considered talented in any sense of the word. Neither could boast any major achievements during their service. Though both men were given extensive powers by the emperor, both had a notorious reputation. There are also many differences between them. For example, Tu Chung was a very violent man in nature. He ordered the massacre of many people during the time of guarding against enemy penetration in the Huai River basin and lost the trust of his subordinates. Shen Kai had the sense and brain of a businessman. But he was extremely greedy. During his appointment in the province of Szuchuan, he used his official position to buy things cheap and sell them for a much high price later, and competed unfairly with the public for his own gain. Thus, he was extremely notorious as a result. But Kao-Tsung ignored all these facts and gave them high positions and extensive powers. After being appointed the prime minister, Tu Chung received an order to go to the city of Chienkang and command an army of more than 100 thousand in the region north of the Yantze River. However, he did not have what it takes to be a general. In fact, he was a coward. He hid inside the city wall and missed an important opportunity. He lost the city of Chienkeng to the enemy and retreated to the city of Chenchou. At the end, he surrendered to the people of Ching. Shen Kai served as a prime minister for more than three years. During this time, he did nothing of importance. But he did everything he could to flatter and please Kao-Tsung in order to win his trust. He was discharged from his post among a strong wave of criticism and condemnation from other fellow officials. As the first emperor of a new dynasty and faced with a turbulent age, Kao-Tsung had to be equipped with unusual vision and outstanding intelligence and wisdom. He needed courage and a sense of greatness to eliminate obstacle, break through restraints and finally to establish a grand and brand new world for a new era. Unfortunately, as stated in the Biography of Kao-Tsung in the Sung History, "The emperor would have been more than capable of carry on a tradition and maintained the achievements of his forefathers. However, the emperor was not equipped in this talents to achieve the suppression of disturbances and restoration to the orthodox rule." Those that come after him may be able to name a few of his administrative achievements. But the people the used were a mixed group of respectful and disdainful personalities. Tu Chung and Shen Kai are two examples of the latter. In order to ensure his reign and power, he was willing to "be secure in hiding and swallow his pride, hide his anger and forget about his kin." As a result, Kao-Tsung was simply able to secure his reign in a limited region in China. Such examples from the history should serve as lessons for today's politicians. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。