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題 名 | 歐文推動普及教育的經過及其挫折(1800-1824)=The Process of Robert Owen's Promoting Popular Education and Some Frustrations Encountered, 1800-1824 |
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作 者 | 彭煥勝; | 書刊名 | 初等教育學報 |
卷 期 | 7 2000.07[民89.07] |
頁 次 | 頁59-103 |
分類號 | 520.941 |
關鍵詞 | 歐文; 新拉納克; 普及教育; 英國; 童工; 十九世紀初期; Robert Owen; New Lanark; Popular education; British; Child labors; The early stage of the nineteen century; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本篇研究從歷史角度敘述及詮釋歐文在英國蘇格蘭地區的新拉納克(New Lanark)推動普及教育的經過及其所遭遇的阻撓。歐文為了實踐其以普及教育為禱的改革的核心關鍵之目的,他一方面需要整頓新拉納克棉紡織工廠的生產效能,另方面得要爭取其他股東對其普及教育動行的支持,因而歷經了三個時期的波折變化。 歐文不只是把新拉納克單純的視為棉紡織工廠,更是他建立理想社區的試驗場;他不僅追求資本家經濟生產的利益,勞工良好生活及教育更他追求的目標。為了實現其變造人之性格,及建立理想新社會的願望,兩度為創辦有系統及規模的新拉納克學校,與合夥人發生衝突,最後因而拆夥。第三度合夥事業,由於合夥人具有人道泛愛的精神,對普及教育的價值具有認識,支持歐文的新拉納克學校,讓他有實教育理念的揮灑空間1816年,新拉納克學校正式落成,歐文自信滿懷的預測,他的新拉納克學校教育將照亮人類之黑暗,走向人類理性、智慧、光明的坦途。歐文將新拉納克成功的社區造經驗,透過論錯、演講公開向世界宣傳,希望獲得外界的認同與效仿。 歐文積極為童工教育奔走遊說,呼籲國會立法制定保障童工健康及教育的法令,其理念雖未被全部接受,但也促成國會於1819年通過童工健康及教育保障的法條。新拉納克工廠及學校教育的不凡成就,吸引世界地的人慕名前來參觀。除少數從不角度觀看歐文的改革理念,參觀者對新拉納克學校大都予以高度的肯定。新拉納克學校在1818-1824年間,盛況空前。但由於歐文的反宗教觀與學校部分制度措施無法被一些合夥人所接受,引發拆夥危機,導致歐文在1824年退出新納克學校經營事務,其在新拉納克的教育實踐隨即宣告終止。 |
英文摘要 | Narrated from historical standpoints, this paper depicts the process of Robert Owen’s promoting popular education and some frustrations he encountered in new Lanark, Scotland. To fulfill the aim of popular education as a core of societal reform, the reviewed the effect of cotton plants, and attempted to win the support from the shareholders, thus confronting him with three phrases of frustrations. As far as Robert Owen is concerned, a cotton plant was more than a plant. He also viewed it as a lab to construct an ideal community. He pursued the profits yielded form the produce effect of a plant but concerned with labors’ good living and education. To reshape their new personalities and construct and ideal society, he and his first and second partner had conflicts and thus went their separate ways when establishing a New Lanark School on a systematic scale. Later, due to the third partner’s philanthrophy and support, Robert Owen’s New Lanark School provided an arena for him to fulfill his educational ideal. New Lanark School was established in 1816 in the hope of lightening man’s pubic the successful experience of reshaping New Lanark community through publications and speeches to gain the worldwide recognition. Robert Owen promoted the education of teenage labors enthusiastically, lobbying for a new act in the Parliament. Though his concept not thoroughly accepted, The Parliament enacted an act for protecting the health of teenage labors and their education. Besides, people from every part of the world came to admire the remarkable achievements of New Lanark School. Visitors, with different views, mostly held New Lanark School in high esteem. New Lanark School was once in its prime from 1818 to 1824, while facing the descending fate because of Robert Owen’s concept of anti-religion and some of his administrative measures, leading to his resignation in 1824. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。