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題 名 | 房頭神與宗族分支:以惠東與鹿港為例=Lineage Segment Gods and Lineage Segments: The Cases of Huidong, Fujian and Lugang, Taiwan |
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作 者 | 莊英章; 李翹宏; | 書刊名 | 中央研究院民族學研究所集刊 |
卷 期 | 88 2000.06[民89.06] |
頁 次 | 頁203-232 |
分類號 | 272.2 |
關鍵詞 | 房頭神; 宗族分支; 儀式性社群; 象徵實踐; Lineage segment fods; Lineage segments; Ritual groups; Symbolic practice; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 過去對於閩臺漢人社會的民族誌研究,已有兩種重要的社會構成則則被詳加討論 過,其一是被視為親屬血緣群體的地域化宗族分支模式,其二是被視為地緣群體的祭祝圈模 式,兩者似乎是在結構上平行而沒有關聯的現象。然而,從土著的觀點和象徵實踐來看,兩 種結構原則在這兩類現象當中都是並存而且以各種方式結合、交互運用的。不同於過去研究 者所採取的角度,本文將宗族的分支現象解讀為透過祖先崇拜的象徵實踐所形成的共祀群, 而祭祀圈、信仰圈或角頭廟則是崇拜各種地方神明的共祀群。因此應當將這些現象放在一起 進一步探討的問題是,漢人社會中各種共祀群與不同原結原則之間的關係。要處理這個問題 ,只能從地方性的、特定的象徵實踐脈絡中來分析。本文運用惠安和鹿港兩地的田野資料, 提出一種過去幾乎未曾被注意到的中介性象徵活動,稱之為房頭神崇拜,可以清楚的說明: (一 ) 宗族分支的地域觀念在祖先崇拜和房頭神崇拜之間的象徵轉換;(二 ) 村落共同體與 宗族分支透過房頭神與村廟的象徵實踐如何構連起來;(三 ) 房頭神隨著移民來臺後成為宗 族分支觀念與地緣群體意識之間的過渡性象徵機制。 |
英文摘要 | This paper is the first documentation that discusses the structural meanings of the worship of lineage segment gods in Huian in Fujian and Lugang in Taiwan. Description and analysis focuses on three central ethnographic findings. First, shifting senses of locality occur in lineage segment ancestor worship and god worship. Second, ritual practice links lineage segment gods with village temple ritual and thereby to the village as a whole. Third, these localized lineage gods served as the symbolic means whereby lineage segment and local group ideology were mediated during immigration to Taiwan. Thus, this paper indeed finds that lineage segments are organized around lineage ancestor worship, while ritual shperes, belief shpheres, and neighborhood temples are organized around the worship of local gods. The extent ethnographic literature on Han society in Fujian and Taiwan already contains an extensive literature relevant to the worship of lineage ancestors and local gods. But problematically, that literature treats these two sides of community life as if they were mutually exclusive. Local knowledge and ritual practice in Huian in Fujian and Lugang in Taiwan suggest, however, that the worship of lineage ancestors and local gods co-occur, interlock, and compliment one another. The paper's conclusion is that treating the two sides of community life as but two parts to a more inclusive whole recovers their underlying unity. The key to recovering that underlying unity is to understand how each part has a distinctive, but related, sense of locality and associated ritual acts. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。