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頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 以定電位法回收廢鎳氫電池中的鎳/鈷金屬=Using Potentiostatic Deposition Method Recovery Ni/Co Metals from Scrap of Ni-MH Battery |
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作者 | 楊純誠; | 書刊名 | 明志技術學院學報 |
卷期 | 32 2000.06[民89.06] |
頁次 | 頁83-104 |
分類號 | 468.1 |
關鍵詞 | 廢鎳氫電池; 電鍍回收; 定電位法; 錯離子; Scrap Ni-MH battery; Metal recovery; Potentiostatic deposition; Complexing reagent; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究是從AA尺寸的廢鎳氫電池中,回收鎳╱鈷兩種有用金屬,其中有兩個主要 處理步驟:(一)、酸萃取, (二)、定電位電鍍法回收金屬。 萃取時以三種無機酸,即 HCl、HNO �陛BH �� SO �眶奶ㄕP強度萃取鎳氫電池中的鎳╱鈷金屬。 廢電池在萃取之前, 需先行拆卸與分類,把其中的金屬外殼和隔離膜取出並分離,主要被萃取物為電池中的電流 收集器和 Ni(OH) �砥BLaNi �ㄤ巨漡q極的活性物質。實驗結果顯示以 HCI 萃取金屬的量為 最高。由於金屬萃取液的 pH<1 是屬於強酸,為了提高回收時之電鍍效率需加入有機錯離子 錯合金屬陽離子,以利萃取液 pH 值調整,這些錯離子使鎳、鈷離子在溶液中穩定。另選擇 適當量的錯離子莫耳比( mole ratio )或選擇不同種類的有機錯離子,如 NH �陛B醋酸根 ( Ac )、檸檬酸根( citrate ion )等,都會影響回收效率, 故本研究做有系統研究。 結果顯示以檸檬酸根錯離子的回收效率最佳, 另發現加入的莫耳比是 1:1 (鎳離子:檸檬 酸根離子)為最適當。電鍍時使用三電極式( three electrodes )電解系統,當陰極的電 位控制在 -950mV 至 -1050mV vs. SCE 之間, 此時電極反應是在動力控制之下,有較佳的 電流效率和金屬沉積品質。電流效率可達 70 %∼ 95 %之間,依萃取液濃度、錯離子種類 及莫耳比濃度、溫度、陰極電鍍電位、質傳條件(轉速)而定。金屬的回收可達 95 %以上 ,如在對流( convection )質傳條件下可獲得更高的回收率。萃取液以各種電化學方法分 析:如線性掃描法、循環伏安法和電化學阻抗分析法等進行分析;電鍍時,以定電位法操作 ,實驗中記錄系統供給的總電量(庫倫量),可計算電流效率及回收速率;萃取液的金屬化 學成分及濃度,以原子吸光儀和錯離子滴定法分析。本研究發現利用電化學原理可以有效地 回收電池中的鎳╱鈷金屬。回收的金屬,再經精鍊程序可金屬再生使用,達資源回收再利用 的目的,此法可相對的降低鎳氫電池的單位生產成本。在環保方面,此法同時解決廢電池亂 丟棄衍生的重金屬污染問題,一舉數得。 |
英文摘要 | This study is focused at the heavy metals recovery from the scrap Ni-MH battery (AA size). Two major processes are needed: (i). the inorganic acid extraction, and (ii). potentiostatic metal deposition. The inorganic acids for extraction, which are HCI、 HNO �陛B H �� SO �� three strong acids. The heavy metals were recovered from the extracted solution by a potentiostatic deposition method. Prior to extraction, all scrap Ni-MH batteries were needed to be de-canned and classified. The major parts of had been extracted are the anodic and cathodic active materials of Ni(OH) �� and LaNi ��, respectively as well as Ni-screen current collector. Experimental results showed that HCl is the most effective acid to extract heavy metals. Since the extracted solution has pH<1, it is a strong acid. It is needed to add the complexing reagent to adjust pH of the extracted solution, then the current efficiency (CE%) for electrodeposition can be increased. The complexing reagent will react with free metal ion to form a stable metal-complex ion, it will facilitate the pH adjustment. A number of complexing reagents, such as NH �� /NH �� Cl, Na-Acetate, Na-citrate, and NH �� -citrate etc., had been used. The experimental results showed that Na-citrate is the most effective. The optimum mole ratio of complex reagent vs. metal ions is 1:1. The metal recovery was carried out by a potentiostatic deposition method, that is controlled the cathodic potential at a range of -850 to -1050mV vs. SCE. Under this situation, the electrode reaction is a under kinetic controlled, which resulted in having a higher current efficiency and much compact metal deposit. The experimental results showed the current efficiency is approximately 70% to 95%; it depends on the extracted solution concentration, type of complexing reagent, mole ratio, temperature, the applied potential (Eapp), and mass transfer rate (rotation speed of agitator), etc. The heavy metal can be recovered almost 95%. It was found that it will be a higher recovery rate under the convection condition. The analyses of extracted solutions had been carried out by a linear scan method, cyclic voltammetry method, electrochemical AC impedance. Composition analysis of solution was examined by an atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). |
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