頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 文化政策與法制變遷--從臺北府城牆遺址爭議出發縱看臺灣古蹟保存法制=Cultural Policy and Legal Change--Discussion from the Event of the Historical Relic of the Taipei Town Wall to Taiwan's Historical Relics Preservation Laws |
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作 者 | 曾建元; | 書刊名 | 中山人文社會科學期刊 |
卷 期 | 8:1=18 2000.06[民89.06] |
頁 次 | 頁237-277 |
分類號 | 791 |
關鍵詞 | 文化政策; 社區主義; 古蹟保存; 文化資產保護法; Cultural policy; Communitarianism; Historical relics preservation; Cultural Property Preservation Law; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文乃將臺灣古蹟保存法制的建立與變遷,置於整個文化政策 演變的歷史脈絡中來從事觀察。古蹟的價值,最初乃建立在迎合外 國觀光客的需要,繼而用以證成「唐山過臺灣」的意識型態。直到 六零年代歐美反文化運動透過建築界感染了臺灣的知識份子心靈, 本土的古蹟運動方才應運而生。在國民黨政府向本土尋求統治正當 性的轉化後,在行政院文化建設委員會傑出的觀念領導下,臺灣的 文化資產保存制度始進入質的飛越階段,古蹟也就成為本土意識與 社區共同體意識凝聚的重要象徵和地方文化產業的重要資本。 正,已將原住民遺址、日治古蹟逐一納入,並基於整合性保存的觀 念將古市街和傳統聚落視為古蹟。古蹟保護的對象則由公有古蹟推 向私有古蹟,並透過多項立法手段,包括補償、徵收、發展權移轉、 管理維護權與所有權分離等等,促使私有古蹟的公有化,以為全民 共享。古蹟既作為地方產業發展與地方文化建設的中心,古蹟管理 維護的權力也就逐漸下放到地方政府與民間公益團體,但古蹟評鑑 決策機構組成的非常設化與非法制化,則使專業者與社區力量無法 完全進入政府體制。再者,由於欠缺暫定古蹟的登錄制度,乃對於 古蹟經指定之前的毀損無法可治,是為保存立法政策上的重大缺失, 而古蹟與歷史建築主管機關的分立,更造成古蹟政策與文化政策的 割裂,以及因傳統建築法律性質的爭議而導致古蹟保存法制環節上 的漏洞。 臺北府城古城牆遺址的爭議,暴露了現行古蹟保存法制的缺失, 但也可能是另一次由建築界發起的古蹟保存新觀念的胎動,此將影 響著整個古蹟保存法制的未來發展,本文則對此提出了若干修法建 議。 |
英文摘要 | This article observes th formulation and changes of the laws governing the historical relics preservation in Taiwan under the whole historical context of the evolution of the cultural policies. The value of historical relics was originally founded on the need of tourist' attractions, and was for justifying the ideology of the "Chinese immigration to Taiwan." Domestic historical relics prservation movement came with the tide of the fashion of the West counter-cultural movement. Such a global movement affected the minds of Taiwanese intellectuals through the architects' circle. When thg Kuomintang government reconstructed and transferred her legit foundation on local, the Council for Cultural Affairs of the Executive Yuan successfully provided the conceptual guidelines for drafting and revising laws and regulations on cultural heritage preservation. It made historical relics as symbols of local consciousness and communities. At the same time it made them as capitals of local cultural industries. Taiwan's initial concept of historical relics preservation was focused on static historical relics of the Hans. After having revised over the years, the objects of preservation were expanded to aboriginal relics, Japanese historical relics, and with a new concept of integral preservation to ancient markets, ancient streets, and traditional villages. The objects of preservation were from public historical relics to private historical relics. The government uses several legal incentives such as compensation, levy, transfer of development right, separation of use and ownership, and so on to enhance private historical relics for public use. As a center of local industrial and cultural development, historical relics' management power has been progressively delegated to local governments and civil non-profit organizations. However, the temporary and non-legal procedure of members' selection of the historical relics investigation body prevents experts and residents from completely participating in the administration. Moreover, owing to lake of any temporary historical relics registration mechanism, the law is so deficient that it could not regulate any malicious destruction on quasi historical relics. The separation of governmental powers in historical relics and historical constructions destroys the integration of historical relics policy with cultural policy and brings confused judgement criteria on the legal character of traditional constructions. The event of ancient Taipei town wall relic reveals the deficiencies of current historical relics preservation institution. However it probably will be an another fetal movement by architects' circle for nurturing a new idea and the future development of the current historical relics preservation institution. This article concludes by proposing some suggestions for revising the relevant laws. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。