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題 名 | 中國大陸國有城鎮土地使用權轉讓之法律分析=The Legal Analysis of State-wned Urban Land Use Right Transfers in Mainland China |
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作 者 | 曾育裕; | 書刊名 | 經社法制論叢 |
卷 期 | 23 1999.01[民88.01] |
頁 次 | 頁367-398 |
分類號 | 554.43 |
關鍵詞 | 土地法; 大陸研究; 國有土地使用權; 土地轉讓; Land law; The study of Mainland China; State-owned urban land use right; The transfer of state-owned urban land; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 中國大陸城市土地為國家所有,在1988年《憲法》(第十條)採取土地所有權與 使用權兩權分離,並准許土地使用權可以合法轉讓前,長期以來,其土地使用制度是以無 償無限期的劃撥方式,將土地交給需要使用的單位或個人,且禁止土地的轉讓,由於土地 無從流轉、土地市場無法建立,使土地利用效率與優化配置功能難以發揮,土地利用呈現 一片槁木死灰。此種狀況,直到國有城鎮土地使用權法制改革,法律准許國有土地可以進 行出讓與轉讓後,方使土地利用逐漸活絡;相對於出讓是由政府壟斷的土地使用權釋出, 轉讓則完全由取得土地使用權者經營開發後,依市場機制自由買賣土地使用權,構成真正 的土地市場機制,為土地利用帶來效率化的正面影響。本文即擬從國有城鎮土地使用權轉 讓的法律內涵加以分析,並探討土地使用權轉讓的相關法律問題,最後建議出未來更為理 想的改革方向。 |
英文摘要 | Urban land belongs to the state in Mainland China. Prior to the land reform, land in Chinese cities was distributed mostly without any compensation. No organizatino or individuals was allowed to sell, lease or transfer land in any way. Therefore, during the disposition process for urban land, there was no market mechanism. We can also discover the crucial problems leading to low efficiencies in land distribution. In 1988, the Constitution was amended. In places concerning land, the language of 「land use rights can be transferred according to the law」(Article 10) was added. In this way, the framework of a separation between land ownership and land use rights was clearly set. The basic goal of the land use reform is to "eventually turn land without cost and time limits into land with both cost and time limits." The Regulations further stated that the state-owned urban land use rights are independent economic rights. Within a time limit, the rights can be sold, exchanged, given as a gift, leased, and used for mortgages. Thus, the general outline of a property right system in China began to be established. The government conveys land use rights to a land user. From the viewpoint of disposing urban land resources, the process of land conveyance (by the government) is regarded as the first level disposition. The transfer of land use rights is a land transaction between land users. Independent land transfers can not only benefit the establishment of the land market and its price structure, but also help to improve efficiency in the land disposition process. We believe the difference between these two types of transfers lies in whether the transfer occurs under competitive condition or no. The study includes the legal meanings and judicial problems of state-owned urban land use right transfers, and in the end conclusion and some suggestions. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。