查詢結果分析
來源資料
頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 國民政府時期建築師專業制度形成之研究=On the Building of Architectural Professionalism in the Nationalist Era |
---|---|
作者 | 王俊雄; 孫全文; 謝宏昌; | 書刊名 | 城市與設計學報 |
卷期 | 9/10 民88.09 |
頁次 | 頁81-116 |
分類號 | 440.5 |
關鍵詞 | 建築師; 專業; 建築法規; 國家; 權力; Architect; Professionalism; Building code; State; Power; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文嘗試從權力的角度,透過空間形式與專業間互構的討論,分三部份對近代中國建築師專業的建構提出新的解釋。首先,透過1930年之前國民政府時期建築法規沿革過程的分析,指出建構建築師專業的最大驅動力來自國家。因為「現代化」建國的需要,國民政府悟識到需將建築師建制到國家制度之中,以充當「基層建管人員」,好完成國家對空間管理的使命。其次,面對這個被強加的國家使命,建築師雖然在建制過程處於被動,但建築師一方面接受國家授與的專業權威與獨佔市場,一方面卻將此國家使命置於專業工作的邊緣位置。從《中國建築》這部專業學會期刊的內容分析中,我們發現建築師團體專業的核心論述是一套以「文化形式」為說詞的「式樣論」,而非上述的國家使命。第三,南京首都計畫在這個空間形式與專業互構過程中,是非常重要的。因為首都計畫中的某些空間議題,不僅實質牽引了國民政府對建築師專業的制度展布層面,與某些建築師對其「式樣論」內容的進一步特定化為中國「宮殿式」建築,也透露出近代中國建築師專業的建構僅是個國民政府與建築師之間的權力糾結過程,而非透過「公共領域」爭辯來的。因此這個權力過程最終薄弱了建築師專業所需的廣泛社會基礎。 |
英文摘要 | This paper attempts to provide a new interpretation on the establishment of architectural professionalism in modern China via interactions among style, profession and power. The paper is organized into three parts hereafter. First, after reassessing the modification processes of different building codes in the Nationalist Era before 1930, we find that the State is the most distinctive and dominating driving force in shaping architectural professionalism in modern China. Throughout the processes of Nationalist state-building movement for modernization, the State "frames" the architects as lower-level officers for the ordering and administrating of national territory. Such an idea is referred from Western colonies in China. Second, facing this "national mission" imposed by the State, Chinese architects accept the privileged professional authority and the monopolized market, while minimize the significance of this mission by making it marginal to their profession. Using The Chinese Architect-a professional magazine published by the Society of Chinese Architects-as a case for context analysis, we hold that style is what the Chinese architects value the most. Third, the Nationalists' experience in planning Nanking as its capital is important in re-shaping this relationship among style, profession and power. This experience not only pushes the State reorganize the structure of architectural professionalism, but also helps a small number of architects be laureated as the heroes who produce and disseminate model buildings of a Chinese national style. The interconnection among capital planning, professional system, and a particular style reveals that the establishment of architectural professionalism in modern China is merely a process of power wrestling between the State and the architects. Such process eventually weakens the social foundation of architectural professionalism. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。