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題名 | Joseph Conrad's Maritime Politics |
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作者 | Watts,Cedric; | 書刊名 | 中山人文學報 |
卷期 | 9 1999.08[民88.08] |
頁次 | 頁225-242 |
分類號 | 873.57 |
關鍵詞 | Joseph Conrad; The nigger of the narcissus; Youth; The shadow-line; |
語文 | 英文(English) |
英文摘要 | When discussing Joseph Conrad's works, critics frequently distinguish between the "political" texts (e.g. "Heart of Darkness," Nostromo, The Secret Agent and Under Western Eyes) and the "maritime" texts (e.g. The Nigger of the "Narcissus," "Youth," "Typhoon," "The Secret Sharer" and The Shadow-Line). I argue that the "maritime" texts are strongly, subtly and diversely political, and that the political effects are conveyed by a variety of techniques, including "covert plotting" (a technique first defined in my book The Deceptive Text.) There is clear evidence that The Nigger of the "Naricssus" was written with its eventual serialisation in W. E. Henley's New Review in mind, so that Conrad inflected the tale's politics to suit Henley's "virile conservatism." In this novel and in several other works, the covert plotting tends to impart, perhaps subliminally, political implications which may augment the complexities and ambiguities of the work. Additionally, comparison of the maritime narratives with the actual events on which they are based reveals that Conrad modified not only the routes and durations of voyages but also the nationalities of the crew in order to provide subtle flattery of his adopted homeland, England. One of the strengths of Conrad's writing is his knowledge that certain forms of conservatism may be strongly sympathetic to workers and to oppressed peoples, so he challenges customary political dichotomies. Furthermore, the descriptive eloquence of his writing is, arguably, politically liberating, and it may also challenge the restrictive and reductive notion that ploitical criteria should be the main criteria for literary judgements. In short, I discuss several of the "maritime" texts of Conrad, using narratological and contextual approaches. I illustrate various local and general paradoxes, I suggest that the lessons learned from this survey may be applied to a wide range of literaty works and not only to works by Conrad. While noting the politics of fiction, I suggest the fictionality of politics. |
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