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相關文獻
- A Response Guide to George Orwell's Animal Farm
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- A Comparative Study of Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four
- A study of George Orwell's Satire As Revealed in Animal Farm
- 喬治歐威爾[George Orwell]在「一九八四」中對人性的兩階段貶抑
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- 「一九八四」來到了嗎?:喬治歐威爾小說的意向
- 試論喬治‧歐威爾《動物農莊》:公民社會議題之文本分析
頁籤選單縮合
題名 | A Response Guide to George Orwell's Animal Farm=導讀喬治歐威爾的「動物農莊」 |
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作者 | 黃玉蘭; Huang, Yu-lan; |
期刊 | 健行學報 |
出版日期 | 19991200 |
卷期 | 19:1 1999.12[民88.12] |
頁次 | 頁215-248 |
分類號 | 873.57 |
語文 | eng |
關鍵詞 | 喬治歐威爾; 動物農莊; Orwell, george; Animal farm; |
中文摘要 | 《動物農莊》是歐威爾用十分不同的方式來陳述一個主題給兩種不同的觀眾。 給較年輕者的主題是如果我們有權控制別人,不論我們確實多好,都有可能變得殘酷無情。孩子們似乎從《動物農莊》裡記得主要的東西是豬在執行死刑之日的殘忍,特別是對年老體弱的巴克斯之殘忍。巴克斯忠誠奉獻及無私辛苦工作多年,這種殘忍對孩子們來說沒有明顯的理由。年幼的孩子們看來不了解這種殘忍行為的理由,但是他們對這種野蠻行為會感到難過。因此歐威爾用很簡單的方式甚至能讓年幼的孩子們了解到當機會出現時,人們可能非常殘酷和自私。如此,歐威爾成功地說服孩子們試圖不允許任何人獲得這種權力控制他們。 對年紀較大的讀者們來說,這個主題基本上是一樣的,但是放在更複雜和智慧的層次上面。就對孩子們而論,歐威爾以故事中那些受殘忍待遇者來誘出激動及移情作用;對成年人來說,歐威爾嘗試以犧牲者來誘出理論上的嫌惡、害怕及情感的移入作用。歐威爾使這個動物的故事在成年人中減少激動情緒,如此我們就能(期望能)集中注意力於理論上的信息。成年人習慣看見或知道例如小雞、豬隻和馬等動物之死,因此變得比較沒有感情作用。然而這些動物被賦予了許多人類的特性,因而也讓成年人認同了它們。歐威爾寫作的手段,能讓成年人把自己放在巴克斯或班哲明的處境,看看企業界、宗教及政治領袖們對待他們自己的情形是多麼類似。 歐威爾試圖使聰明的讀者們能看出強勢及操控他人的政治以及在政治、經濟及強權裡沒有對與錯。這樣使得動物農莊�堣j部份能自給自足以及不信任和懼怕所有的外人(正好像歐威爾的當時英國目標觀眾有了自我認知)。『貪心是好的』、『國家利益至上』,但是通常被領袖們作為私利的藉口。國家當然反映人的觀點,而我們是自私的,它存在於我們的遺傳基因中(參考一)。 對那些聰明得足以了解他們國內政治詭計的年輕人來說,如有涉及到(政治)即不相信任何人。歐威爾看出西方國家的年輕人對政治詭計漠不關心是自由的巨大威脅。『不管我投票贊成誰,政客永遠是贏家。』是一些西方社會選前與選後的普遍感嘆。年輕人對他們的選票無用及無意義的心態是可悲的,應該加以有力的反對。當人們不去關心政客的行為,讓他們能隨意運用他們的邪惡權力去追逐陰謀勾當而不怕被審查時,我們的社會必遭不幸。 |
英文摘要 | Animal Farm is written to two different audiences by Orwell with the same message to each audience phrased in a very different manner. For younger readers the message is that no matter how good we appear and indeed are, we are all capable of becoming cruel and heartless if we are put in a position of power over others. The main thing that children seem to remember from Animal Farm is the cruelty of the pigs on the day of the executions and particularly the cruelty to Boxer when he is old and weak. This cruelty to Boxer after years of loyal dedication and selfless hard work is for no apparent reason to young children. Young children do not appear to understand the REASON for these acts of cruelty but, they are touched by these acts of barbarism. Thus Orwell, in a very simplistic way gets across, even to young children that people can be very cruel and selfish when the opportunity arises. Thus Orwell succeeds in convincing children to attempt NOT to allow anyone to gain such power over them. For older readers the message is basically the same but on a more complex and intellectual level. Whereas to children Orwell elicits emotion and empathy for those receiving cruel treatment in the story; for adults Orwell tries to elicit logical revulsion and fear as well as empathy for victims. Orwell has made this story about animals to reduce the emotion in adults so that we will (hopefully) concentrate logically on his message. Adults are used to seeing and knowing of the death of animals such as chickens, pigs and horses and thus likely to become less emotional. HOWEVER by giving these animals many human characteristics, thus also allows adults to identify with them. Orwell writes in a manner in which adults can put themselves in the place of Boxer or Benjamin and see how similar is their own treatment by Industrial, Religious and Political leaders. Orwell is trying to make intelligent readers see that Politics is about power and control of others and there is no right or wrong in Politics, Economics or Power. This is done by making Animal Farm largely self-supporting, mistrustful and fearful of all outsiders (just as Orwell's target audience of British people of the time perceived themselves). 'Greed is good.' and 'National interest is the topmost.' but usually disguised by leaders as self-interest. And of course nations reflect the views of human beings, and we are selfish. It exists in our genes (Reference 1). For those youth that are intelligent enough to follow the political machinations of their country, get involved, and 'Trust No One'. Orwell saw the problem of disinterest in political machinations by the youth of western countries as an enormous threat to freedom. 'It doesn't matter who we vote for, a politician still wins' is a common lament before and after elections in some western societies. This attitude by youth that their vote is useless and pointless is deplorable and to be fought vigorously. When people stop caring about the deeds of politicians that they can go about their nefarious power seeking machinations without fear of scrutiny, we, as a society are doomed. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。