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題 名 | 古代中國、埃及與兩河流域對異族態度之比較研究=A Comparative Study of the Attitudes Toward Foreigners in Ancient China, Egypt, and Mesopotamia |
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作 者 | 蒲慕州; | 書刊名 | 漢學研究 |
卷 期 | 17:2=34 1999.12[民88.12] |
頁 次 | 頁137-168 |
分類號 | 546.5 |
關鍵詞 | 古代中國; 古埃及; 兩河流域; 異族; 同化; Ancient China; Ancient Egypt; Mesopotamia; Foreigner; Assimilation; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文旨在比較古代中國、古埃及和兩河流域文明對待異族之態度問題。本文主要 論點是,這幾個古文明用以分別異族的準則,主要都是文化而非種族或體質的特質。三者都 認為自己的文化山異族優越,可見這種優越感實際上是文明的通性,是一種主觀的、自我中 心的觀念。最顯著的不同,則是對於同化異族的興趣。「用夏變夷」被視為一種中國文化的 理想和責任。相對而言,埃及和兩河流域的人似乎沒有明顯的與趣去同化異族。此外,這幾 個文明的官方對於異文化的態度是很相似的,為了政治上的目的,政權的持有者會傾向於貶 低外族,視之為野蠻的敵人。而在非官方文獻中,則可發現一種對異族之同情的了解與欣賞 的態度,反映出一個文化中比較能夠自省的心靈。 |
英文摘要 | This study is an attempt to understand the attitudes toward foreigners held in ancient China, Egypt, and Mesopotamia. The main arguments of this investigation are that these three ancient civilizations distinguished foreigners based mainly on cultural, rather than physical or racial differences, and that they all considered themselves to be superiorto foreigners culturally. It is clear, therefore, that cultural self-importance was a common trait of these civilizations. Their attitudes toward assimi lating foreigners, however, were different. China expressed themost enthusiastic attitude, while Egypt and Mesopotamia were less so, although for different reasons. Moreover, the official attitudes of these civilizations were similar in that, for political purposes, the government or cultural leaders tended to denigrate foreigners as barbarians. On the other hand, in some private documents, there can be found a certain amount of sympathetic understanding and appreciation of foreigners and foreign cultures, representing the more reflective minds of these civilizations. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。