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題名 | 「逍遙遊」「小大之辨」試析--兼論「鯤」字義蘊= |
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作者 | 婁世麗; |
期刊 | 國立臺灣體育學院學報 |
出版日期 | 19990600 |
卷期 | 5(上) 民88.06 |
頁次 | 頁169-195 |
分類號 | 121.33 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 逍遙遊; 小大之辨; 鯤; 莊子; |
中文摘要 | <逍遙遊>篇在目前各種版本的<莊子>中,往往是置於首篇。所以,也常是研 究者最先、最密集接觸的一篇,故而已有多角度的解析,所獲得的成果也頗為可觀;本文則 欲由「此小大之辨也」句來作一探索。 「大、小」是吾人日常生活中經常使用的詞語,各種具象物的大、小之別,對學齡兒童而言 ,即已非難事。而莊子<逍遙遊>篇在提出「此小、大之辨也」之前,曾以「大鵬、小蜩」 的對話來證明「小知不及大知」,「朝菌、大椿」等的對照來凸顯「小年不及大年」;這種 「小不如大」的說法,也符合一般人的認知。 但莊子在<齊物論>篇中曾經指出「是非之彰也,道之所以虧也。」那麼,小、大之明辨, 「道」亦必然有所傷。何以竟在<逍遙遊>篇中,出現此一具有價值判斷性質的句子來肯定 它?這是本文首先要瞭解的。 另外<逍遙遊>篇中最受矚目的是:「至人無己、神人無功、聖人無名」,並指出「無名、 無功、無己」的聖人、神人、至人,是不願「弊弊焉以天下為事」;反而是「窅然喪其天下 」、悠遊於「無何有之鄉、彷徨逍遙」的,那又如何能認同「小知不及大知」「小年不及大 年」等的對立? 因此,應由何種角度來解讀「此小大之辨也」句,才符合莊子的思想,而且與「逍遙」之遊 的篇旨相應?另外,此句在篇中的地位究竟為何?皆本文所欲了解的,亦希望能釐清其定位 。 |
英文摘要 | "Unfretted & Unbounded" is usually edited as the first chapter in the complete works of Juang Jou. As a result, this Chapter is among the first ones studied and interpreted by Hanism scholars. The angles at which this Chapter is looked at are numerous, the results plentiful. This article particularly deals with the following sentence: "This is what distinguishes the large/great and the small/little." "Large/great" and "small/little" are words that we encounter on a daily basis. They are used to describe the concrete, the difference between large/great and small/little are well comprehended by persons as young as grade school children. Before the Chapter "Unfretted & Unbounded" mentioned about "This is what distinguishes the large/great and the small/little.", Juang Jou use several examples such as the conversation of "the big eagle verses the little sparrow" for proving "trivial knowledge is no comparison to the wisdom of life"; and the contrast between "the ephemeral fungus verses the long-living sequoia" to distinctly illustrate "a short life is not comparable to a long life". Both of which conform to the generic understanding of the large/great and the small/little. But in the "Chi-Woo" Chapter, Juang Jou points out that "The reason of damage of Dao is the clear of truth and fallacy." That is to say, to distinguish the difference between large/great and small/little has certainly a deficit about Dao. Why does such a quintessential sentence "This is what distinguishes the large/great and the small/little," appear in "Unfretted & Unbounded" to confirm this opinion? It is the first problem this article tries to figure out and realize. On the other hand, a more noteworthy sentence reads: "The most sublime subdue themselves; the most brilliant seek no mundane success; the most holy scoff at fame." The message conveyed here is that the most sublime, brilliant, and holy people, unbounded by worldly concerns, shun away from "shouldering the burden of world problems." Instead, in their reverie, they are beyond worries and concerns, and their thoughts float freely and unfretted in a space void of everything. And then how could they firmly believe the opposition to "trivial knowledge is no comparison to the wisdom of life" and "a short life is not comparable to a long life" does really exist? Therefore, what angle should we actually take to interpreting this sentence, "This is what distinguishes the large/great and the small/little.", is the way match the thoughts of Juang Jou, and to echo the essence of "Unfretted & Unbounded"? What role this sentence plays in the Chapter is a question worthy of our attention, which is exactly where this article's effort is devoted. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。