頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 神律倫理與自律倫理=Theonomous Ethics and Autonomous Ethics |
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作 者 | 孫效智; | 書刊名 | 國立臺灣大學哲學論評 |
卷 期 | 22 1999.01[民88.01] |
頁 次 | 頁237-298 |
分類號 | 210.11 |
關鍵詞 | 神律倫理; 自律倫理; 道德; 宗教; 天; 猶希佛兩難; Theonomous ethics; Autonomous ethics; Euthyphro dilemma; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 在柏拉圖的對話錄猶希佛(Euthyphro)中,蘇格拉底問虔誠的猶希佛:「神聖的事物是因為本身神聖,所以獲得諸神喜愛,還是反過來,因為它們獲得諸神喜愛,所以神聖」? 這個問題在西方接受基督宗教之後,轉變成上帝與道德之間的問題,人稱之為「猶希佛兩難」(the Euthyphro dilemma)。哲學家及神學家們問:「上帝之所以命令一件事,是因為它是善的,抑或它是因為被上帝命令,所以才成為善的」?用抽象一點的倫理學語言來說,這個問題碰到了如何證成行為道德對錯的課題。要探討的是:什麼是行為的對錯?對錯的標準是什麼?猶希佛兩難的一方主張,行為對錯的標準是上帝。上帝所命令的,就是對的行為,反之則是錯的。另一方則認為,行為的對錯並不取決於上帝的命令,而是反過來,上帝的命令取決於行為的對錯。對的行為上帝會命令人去實踐它,錯的行為上帝則禁止人去做。至於行為的對錯如何決定,取決於行為本身的某種道德性質。 |
英文摘要 | Theonomous ethics, an important theory of religious ethics, has invited numerous attacks from modern religious critics. The paper begins with a scrutiny of the main ideas of theonomous ethics and of the five opposing. The second part of the paper deals with the main arguments of these religious critics. First of all, the problems of theodicy will be addressed from three aspects, namely, the general moral intuition, the basic position of teleological ethics, and the basic principles of theories of definition and reference. The discussion is meant to illustrate that whereas the theory of theonomous ethics needs to be revised, the arguments given by the religious critics are not impeccable either. Some flaws in their arguments are listed and discussed in the paper. The following part is devoted to the assessment of the position of theonomous ethics in the traditions of Judaism, Islamism and Christianity. It is discovered that theonomous ethics not only does not belong to the main stream of the three religions, but also is criticized by dominating theologies. We can infer that taking theonomous ethics as the target of their attacking fires, the religious critics actually commit the mistake of "strawman argumentation." Basi cally the ethics of the three religions are rationalistic rather than theonomous in nature. The concluding part of the paper analyzes the autonomous characteristics of religious ethics with the focus on bilical ethics. The significance of the Ten Commandments, for example, can be fully understood in terms of rationality. As a conclusion the paper points out that autonomous rationality is the last criterion for biblical ethics. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。