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題 名 | 問題設計與解題架構之應用研究=The Application of Problem Solving Networks in the Problem Design |
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作 者 | 葉家棟; | 書刊名 | 中學教育學報 |
卷 期 | 6 1999.06[民88.06] |
頁 次 | 頁315-354 |
分類號 | 521.57 |
關鍵詞 | 問題設計; 解題架構; Problem solving networks; Problem design; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 在學習科學時,除了「手到」之外,仍需「心到」地去思考。學生在解題時,容易產生「固定的解題方法公式」(problem-solving set)或「功能固著」(functional fixedness)的學習負效果,無法真正「心到」地去思考,並理解問題所蘊涵的物理意義。 Ashmore等人(1979)提出四個步驟的解題模式(four stage of problem solving model),在解決化學問題上非常有用。在解題模式的步驟中,最重要且有意義在於「解題架構」(problem solving network)的建立。「解題架構」係先將問題劃分成子問題,再將各子問題的資料結合起來。 應用「解題架構」及「倒向解題法」(working backward)的解題策略,可設計出合理的教學程序,並可引導學生作「心到」的學習。 問題的設計可依教學目標的需要,以下列問題方式呈現: (1)使解題者認知學科知識不足的重要性的問題。 (2)使解題者認知解題程序(procedure)的重要性的問題。 (3)使解題者認知「假設檢驗」(assumption-checking)的重要性的問題。 |
英文摘要 | Problem solving networks are derived by breaking down problems into unitary pieces of information and reassembling them to show how the various pieces of information have to be connected to arrive at a solution to the problem. Problem solving-networks show diagrammatically, the interconnections between the information supplied in the formulation of the problem, the information that the student should be able to supply from memory, and that obtained by reasoning processed during the solving of the problems. Ashmore et al. (1979) list the advantages of the network approach as following: 1.A network allows the presentation of the information showing interconnections in one diagram. 2.It reinforces the notion that there are a number of alternative route to the solution. 3.The network is useful for analyzing problems. 4.Key items of information show up readily as centers of many connecting lines. 5.Facility in perceiving student difficulties is enhanced when the teacher has analyzed the problem into a network. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。