頁籤選單縮合
題名 | Comparing Semi-Presidentialism in the ROC and the Russian Federation |
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作者姓名(中文) | |
作者姓名(外文) | Wu,Yu-shan; |
書刊名 | 政治學報 |
卷期 | 30 1998.12[民87.12] |
頁次 | 頁123-186 |
分類號 | 573.552 |
語文 | eng |
關鍵詞 | |
英文摘要 | This paper takes an institutional approach to compare the constitutional reforms in the Republic of China and the Russian Federation. It first develops a triangular perspective to analyze various government forms, and comes up with the conclusion that semi-presidentialism is prone to conflict between the president and the parliament over control of government, and that a semi-presidential system with a dominant president may provide presidential power as strong as under a presidential system. It then depicts the development of the constitutional order in the Russian Federation and the ROC, demonstrating that there are striking similarities between the two cases: Leninist past, democratic transition, assertive parliament, direct election of the president, and substantial presidential powers. This brings about semi-presidentialism and its inherent conflict: the 1993 October putsch in Russia, and the parliamentary refusal to recognize the premier in Taiwan in 1996-97. Similar desire to keep firm presidential control over government promopted Boris Yeltsin and Lee Teng-hui to amend the constitution, and brought about a semi-presidential system dominated by the president. However, similar institutional arrangements do not guarantee the ROC president can exercise the same power, for besides the Russian model there are the French Fifth Republic model and the Weimar Republic model that lead to different outcomes. Taiwan’s constitutional future thus remains uncertain. Institutional comparison between East Asia and Eastern Europe is rare in the field of comparative politics. The few works done are concentrated in comparing economic reforms, political decline, democratizaion, and consolidation of democracy in the two areas. As the third-wave democracies in East Asia and Eastern Europe have gradually matured, it becomes meaningful to study how their nascent democratic institutions function, and to make comparisons. This paper sets out to examine the analytical frameworks in the field, and comp up with a triangular perspective to analyze the constitutional order of the Republic of China (ROC) after the 1997 amendments, and the 1993 constitutional system of the Russian Federation. The two cases are chosen for they both belong to the category of “semi-presidentialism,” a constitutional order that goes between the British-style “parliamentary” system and the American-style “presidentialism,” and has been popular among the “third-wave democracies” when they chose their constitutional system. A comparative study of the Taiwanese and Russian cases may shed light on the interaction of political institution and the functioning of nascent democracies. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。