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題 名 | 大眾媒體影響臺灣政黨政治文化之實證研究=Mass Media and Political Parties: Political Socialization of Democratic Orientations in Taiwan |
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作 者 | 卓美玲; | 書刊名 | 民意研究季刊 |
卷 期 | 206 1998.10[民87.10] |
頁 次 | 頁50-88 |
分類號 | 571.66 |
關鍵詞 | 政治社會化; 多元民主; 政黨政治; 大眾傳播媒體; 民主取向; Political socialization; Pluralistic democracy; Party politics; Mass media; Democratic orientations; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 西方民主政治理念中,多元民主強調在責任代表制的過程中設立組織健全的程 序,例如多數決,以規範團體間的衝突。政黨政治是多元民主的實踐,其智慧在於政府政 策可經由衝突的團體在競爭的過程中迸出火花來。有共同理念且代表社會不同族群要求的 人,可以經由競爭的價值之妥協,達到恰當的解決之道。公共政策是在公平的機會下,讓 每個觀點的代表團體都暢所欲言之後,所做的決定。因此,某一議題上趣味相投的團體有 機會形成聯盟。多元民主反駁了參與式民主堅持的「大眾都能理性參與政治」,但是人們 對代表式民主也不是毫無怨言,多元民主讓少數具有影響力的個人操縱決策過程,人們的 疏離感也增加了。 臺灣是一個新興的民主國家,政黨政治發展尚淺。臺灣人民對政黨政治的認識有多少 ?他們對政黨政治的認同,直接影響到他們對多元民主的支持。因此,政治學家常對人民 的民主趨向(democratic orientations)做調查,以了解人民政治社會化(political socialization)的變動情形。然而,政治學家大部份忽略了媒體在政治社會化過程中所扮 演的角色。大眾傳播,自都市化及新傳播科技日新月異以來,早已成為人們所仰賴的消息 來源(電視甚至比學校更早介入兒童社會化的過程)。此外,大部份人們對近身性不高的 政治事件的認知,主要也來自於媒體的報導。雖然政黨所發揮的功能及行事作風,直接影 響媒體如何報導他們及人民如何對政黨產生認同,進而支持政黨政治。但在媒體守門人的 把關下,媒體的報導為我們設定議題,並建構一主觀的真實。尤其解嚴後正在擺脫舊有政 治社會化約束的媒體環境中,主流媒體仍或多或少扮演執政黨傳聲筒的角色(地下媒體則 成為反對黨宣傳其理念及反制國民黨的工具),有關政黨的事件經媒披露後,其重要性及 意義或多或少產生改變。因此,媒體在臺灣民主化的過程中,扮演的是什麼樣的角色?本 研究將由調查訪問以探索大眾媒體如何影響人們對政黨政治的支持,以了解其在政治社會 化過程中所扮演的角色。 |
英文摘要 | Among theories of western democracy, pluralistic democracy recognizes the need for a representational process, with the establishment of well- recognized procedures, such as majority rule, to regulate the level of inter- group conflict. Political parties are the practice of pluralistic democracy. The wisdom assumed in this version of democratic theory is that governmental policies are sparkled through competing process of conflicting groups. Competing group-based demands are mostly worked out in a multilateral process of bargaining and compromise. Public policy ensues after each represented interest has received a fair hearing for its point of view, and thus has had a chance to form coalitions with other like-minded groups on given issues. Pluralistic democracy rejects the assumption persisted by liberal democracy that the public can participate in politics rationally. But people are also complaining on representational democracy, because few individuals with power dominate during decision-making process and political isolation is increasing. Taiwan is a new-established democratic nation, with short history of party politics. How much knowledge about party politics do people on Taiwan have? Their recognition of party politics affects their support of pluralistic democracy directly. Therefore, political researchers survey citizens' democratic orientations to know the change of political socialization. Most political researchers, however, ignore the role played by mass media on political socialization. Mass communication has been relied as a major source of information after the urbanization and development of new communication technology. Besides, people learn about unobtrusive political issues mostly from the report of mass media. Though, the functions and behaviors of each party have a direct influence on how media portray the issues which affects citizens' identification with parties and their support for the party politics. Hardly can the gatekeeping and agenda-setting function of mass media been ignored, especially when mainstreaming media are somewhat still playing a role of policy-promotion machine of the ruling party even after the liberation of Martial Law. What is the role played by mass media during the democratization process in Taiwan? The study tries to survey the relationship between mass media and citizens' support of party politics to understand the role played by mass media during the political socialization. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。