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題 名 | 飛行員之彈射性心理創傷=Ejection-Induced PTSD of Aircrew |
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作 者 | 吳怡昌; | 書刊名 | 中華民國航空醫學會刊 |
卷 期 | 12:1 1998.12[民87.12] |
頁 次 | 頁9-15 |
分類號 | 412.85 |
關鍵詞 | 彈射; 創傷後壓力症; 飛行恐懼症; Ejection; PTSD; Flying phobia; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 彈射逃生過程往往伴隨各種劇烈的作用力,這些外力經常導致彈射人員罹患各式各樣的頭部、軀幹、或四肢等肢體傷害。當彈射人員獲救後,此類彈射性肢體傷害較顯見且易診治。但是除此之外尚有一類較不易為人察覺但卻影響生還者極為深遠巨大的傷害,其乃所謂的「彈射性心理創傷」。英國皇家空軍航太醫學研究報告指出,高達 40 %的彈射生還人員罹患長期的心理創傷。雖然這些彈射人員獲救後內心極端恐懼且期盼獲得心靈撫慰或心理諮商,但因主客觀因素的影響或限制,他們往往必須刻意壓抑情緒反應或隱藏心靈的創傷以度過漫長的肢體復健期。這類心理創傷不僅干擾生還者的身心狀態或日常生活,並且深刻影響他們日後復飛時的飛行技能與意願。臨床經驗與研究結果證實,獲救後的完善醫療照顧、單位同仁長官的誠心支持與鼓勵、以及早期的心理諮商與復健等等均對於彈射生還人員的身心康復與復飛時飛行恐懼症的避免有絕對的正面意義。雖然我空軍尚未曾系統性地研究分析彈射生還人員的心理反應,但據筆者私下與數位彈射生還人員的構通得知,彈射性心理創傷在我們軍方飛行圈內亦屬普遍情況。由於飛行員是屬於極為珍貴的作戰武器系統元件之一,不僅其所接受的基本教育費用昂貴,其平日作戰技能訓練的成本更高,因此世界先進國家均極為重視飛行員的篩選、培訓、維護等工作。這些作為的終極目標乃在於確保空軍擁有「素質高、技能好、鬥志強的一流飛行員」。所以當飛行員於危急狀況下彈射出艙後,地面支援單位必須非常瞭解且熟練如何執行迅速而有效的搜救工作,如何提供立即性的急救醫療服務,如何提供其家屬全面性的支援、以及如何協助克服其心理的創傷。這些作為無非是為了保有珍貴的作戰武器系統元件,並維護其既有的作戰功能。 |
英文摘要 | Various forms of advanced ejection systems have been developed to assist pilot to escape from crippled aircraft in last several decades. However, ejection itself may cause differenct patterns of injuries for the pilot because of unusual and very damaging violent forces encountered by the pilot during the entire escape process. Most common types of physical injuries include abrasion, laceration, contusion, flail injury, long bone fractures, fractures of the spine, and so on. Compared to physical injuries that are relatively easy to diagnose, psychological injuries or stress are more obscure and difficult to recognize. To be brave is considered among the aviators' community as one of the important personality characteristics of airman. Most pilots who had experienced escape from a disabled aircraft tend to hide or suppress the feelings of horror, fear, anger, frustration, embarrassment and depression. It has been suggested that the most notable characteristic in successful pilots is their absolute faith in themselves. Anything that shakes or destroys this may lead to disproportionate anxiety about flying. Because ejection is a particularly stressful event, survivors who do not receive adequate psychiatric advice or treatments may develop fear of flying or other neurotic symptoms that could greatly degrade their flying skill or performance when they return to flight line. It is the responsiblility of a flight surgeon to have a clear understanding of ejection-induced psychological impact on aircrew so that he can quickly assess survivals for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or flying phobia. In addition to recognizing the ejection injury syndrome, a flight surgeon is also responsible for providing the rescued pilots with immediate, appropriate medical treatment and psychological consultation. Commanders, colleagues, and families of the ejection victims should be aware that their psychological support is also a key factor for the survivors to overcome the post-traumatic stress and regain the ability to cope with the realities of operational flying. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。