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題名 | 空氣污染防制費收費辦法與執行之檢討=A Review of the Air Pollution Prevention Fee Program in Taiwan |
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作者 | 蕭代基; 張家春; 黃錦堂; 朱澤民; 張能復; 黃宗煌; 楊重信; 葉淑琦; 林淑瑜; | 書刊名 | 經社法制論叢 |
卷期 | 22 1998.07[民87.07] |
頁次 | 頁203-228 |
分類號 | 567.89 |
關鍵詞 | 空氣污染防制費; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文首先根據經濟學、政治學與法律學理論檢討空污費制度及探討其爭議之原由 ,接著根據空污費制度的理論基礎,檢討空污費制度,最後根據上述之檢討,研擬空污費制 度之改進方向,以圖建立能夠達到社會福利極大化、政治上長治久安的空污費收費與使用制 度。 主要的建議方案包括:( 1) 將空氣污染防制費正名為空氣污染排放費,( 2 )提昇 空污費徵收之法律位階,( 3 )徵收碳稅並減少其他稅收,( 4 )建立有管制權力之空氣 品質區管制機構, 但就短期而言,由收費縣市上繳空污費,再由中央統籌分配,( 5 )公 開環保資訊方案,( 6 )空污基金管理方式, 應以普通基金方式為佳,但受限於目前空污 法施行細則專款專用的限制,現行之環保署與地方政府的空污基金管理委員會之組成與決策 過程必須法制化, ( 7 )長期而言,應進行環境保護經濟工具與財稅政策之整合的綠色稅 制改革,但就短期而言,空污法應修正放寬空污費專用於空氣污染防制業務之限制,容許空 污費收入用於與環境保護有關之公共服務, ( 8 )應取消對污染者或消費者之補貼(或稱 獎勵), ( 9 )中央對地方之補助方式應由現行的專案補助改為按各地方人口、空污費收 入、污染量比例、或空氣品質改善成效來核定其補助額度之一般補助,( 10 )更廣泛地使 用環保經濟工具,( 11 )謹慎地設計與執行環保經濟工具政策,( 12 )應建立環保政策 工具的誘因效果之評估架構,並持續地收集政策工具執行效果的資訊,( 13 )加強環保政 策工具的研究。 |
英文摘要 | This paper reviews the air pollution prevention fee program in Taiwan and provides with policy recommendations based on the theories of economics, political and legal sciences. Major policy suggestions are as follows: (1) Rename the Air Pollution Prevention Fee as the Air Pollution Emission Fee. (2) Most of the rules governing the fee system should be specified in the Air Pollution Control Act. (3) Carbon tax should be levied and its revenue should be used to replace other tax revenues. (4) Air basin-based air pollution control agencies should be established to replace the current control agencies under local governments. (5) The information of environmental pollution and its control should be completely and easily accessable to the public. (6) The organization and decision making process of the Air Pollution Control Fee Committee should be specified in the law. (7) In the short run, the revenue of the charge should not be earmarked to be used in air pollution control projects only. In the long run, it is necessary to reform the whole tax system taking environemntal taxes into account. The total tax revenue should be kept the same. (8) The revenue should not be used to subsidize polluters. (9) The allocation of the revenue the EPA collects to local governments should base on populations and the quantities of air pollution emissions in each cities and perfectures instead of basing on projects. (10) Economic instruments for pollution control should be applied more broadly. (11) The regulations to apply economic instruments should be designed carefully and implemented completely. (12) The framework and data bases to evaluate economic instruments should be established. (13) It is necessary to conduct more and better researches in environmental economics and policy. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。