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題名 | 寇謙之的降神及政治意圖=K'ou Ch'ien-chih's Seances and the Political Intention |
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作 者 | 曾達輝; | 書刊名 | 清華學報 |
卷期 | 28:4 1998.12[民87.12] |
頁次 | 頁413-459 |
分類號 | 239 |
關鍵詞 | 寇謙之; 通神; 釋老志; 天師道; 官立道教; K'ou chien-chih; Seances; Shih-lao chih; Way of the celestial master; Court taoism; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文作者嘗試闡述西元4I5-423年間寇謙之在嵩山上的降神性質上既非扶乩降筆亦 非純粹謊話,而是在齋誡中得見異象的體驗。本文徵引中古中國若干類似事例及現代人類學 研究以證此說,另闡明寇謙之以神話為靈感所造的新出誦誡、符籙及真經的內容及其與佛教 的關係。本文並嘗試指出寇謙之的終極關懷和使命在成為老君在世上的代理人,重建天師道 體制,其使命基本土是宗教性的,而不在爭取政治地位或取悅拓跋氏君主。他之所以備受朝 廷尊崇乃在於北魏太武帝及崔浩利用其聲望及通神能力以操縱天命,使北魏之統治合理化。 本文並考證寇謙之少年時與其師成公興交往的細節,另有一節敘述《魏書.釋老志》與《道 藏》中數篇寇天師傳間的關係。從本文可見自北朝起流衍後世的官立道教形式如何由寇謙之 無意之下開先河。 |
英文摘要 | In this paper I try to show that the seances of K'ou Ch'ien-chih in 415-423 on Mount Sung, rather than the automatic writings (fu-chi) or mere lying, were the fast-induced visionary experiences in nature. To support this hypothesis, parallell cases in the medieval China and modern anthropological studies are brought forward. The contents of K'ou's new code, talismans and the Perfect Book produced under divine inspiration and their respective relationships with the Buddhism are clarified. My another attempt is made to show what K'ou's ultimate concern and his mission were acting as Laochun's representative in the secular world and reestablishing the organization of the Way of the Celestial Master. These missions were basically religious rather than aiming at attaining political status or eliciting favour from the T'o-pa rulers. The main reason for K'ou's receiving held in the greatest respect in the imperial court was due to his prestige and ability to communicate with the supreme spirits, being utilized by the Emperor T'ai-Wu and Ts'ui Hao to manipulate the Heaven's messages and to legitimate the reign of the Northern Wei Dynasty. This paper also digs into the details of the intercourse between young K'ou and his teacher Ch'eng-kung Hsing. A particular section is devoted to expound the relationship of the Shih-Lao Chih, Treatise on Buddhism and Taoism, in Wei Shu and the several K'ou's biographies in the Taoist Canon. From this paper, we can see how the longlasting format of the court Taoism since the Northern Dynasty was founded by K'ou unintentionally. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。