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題 名 | 從「全控機構」到「最佳價值」--英國社區照顧發展的脈絡與省思=From Total Institution to the Best Value--The Context and Reflection of Community Care Development in England |
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作 者 | 黃源協; | 書刊名 | 社區發展季刊 |
卷 期 | 106 2004.06[民93.06] |
頁 次 | 頁308-330 |
專 輯 | 社區照顧 |
分類號 | 547.46 |
關鍵詞 | 新右派; 福利多元主義; 在社區照顧; 由社區照顧; 照顧管理; 社會工作才能; The new right; Welfare pluralism; Care in the community; Care by the community; Care management; Social work competence; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文旨在分析社區照顧如何在「全控機構」與「福利國家危機」的脈絡中,發展並結合成90年代之準市場的由社區照顧模式,並在90年代末期進入到最佳價值的模式。17世紀濟貧法案的機構照顧,因發展成缺乏人性關懷的全控機構,而有去機構化和生活正常化的倡導,進而發展成「在社區照顧」。另一方面,1970年代中期的福利國家的危機,提供了新右派意識型態浮出政治檯面的契機,由新右派所倡導的新管理主義以及福利多元主義,在強調分散化與民營化的服務模式下,彈性、參與以及需求或消費者導向的服務,已逐漸地取代傳統福利科層之僵化、無效率以及供給導向的服務。這股脈絡匯集了「在社區照顧」,而朝向「由社區照顧」,再到準市場的由社區照顧,並藉由照顧管理的引進,和社工才能的倡導,以實踐準市場的在社區照顧理念;此外,為回應具市場導向的新服務模式,社會工作的訓練也朝向社會工作才能的培養。唯這股潮流並未能有效舒緩全控機構和政府失靈的問題,而飽受質疑,為此,新工黨政府期能藉由最佳價值原則的運用,去營造一個真正具有績效的新社區照顧。 |
英文摘要 | The paper aims to analyse how the quasi-market ‘care by the community care’ was created under the developmental contexts of total institution and welfare state crisis. The institutional care under the Poor Law was developed into a total institution without human concern. This resulted in an advocacy of de-institutionalization of life normalization, and further developed into policy of ‘care in the community’. On the other hand, the crisis of welfare state in the mid-1970s provided a turning point for the upsurge of the ideology of the New Right. The idea of the new managerialism and welfare pluralism derived from the New Right ideology stress the strategies of decentralization and privatization of welfare services in care provision. Under which, the care model which emphasizes flexibility, participation, and need-led /consumer–led services has increasingly replaced with traditional bureaucratic model which has been condemned because of its inflexibility, inefficiency and supply-led services. The quasi-market ‘care by the community’ had therefore become the mainstream of welfare service delivery under two trends. To carry out the ideal of community care, care management has been introduced as a necessary technique. Furthermore, to response the new market-driven service model, the social work training has toward the way of so called ‘social work competence’. However, the quasi-market ‘care in the community’ has suffered condemns and challenges as a result of incapability in coping with problems caused buy the total institution and government failure. The current New Labour Government is intended to introduce and use the principle of the Best Value to build up a new community care with real performance. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。